M1: Physical Basis of Heredity

Question 1

Houses the DNA

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Site for rRNA SYNTHESIS

Answer 2

Nucleolus

Question 3

Site of translation

Answer 3

Ribosome

Question 4

Unique ribosome to eukaryotes

Answer 4

Monosome 80s
- Large Subunit 60s
- Small Subunit 40s

Question 5

Site of ATP Synthesis

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

Site of Photosynthesis

Answer 6

Chloroplast

Question 7

Associated with spindle fiber formation

Answer 7

Centrioles

Question 8

Houses DNA for prokaryotes

Answer 8

Nucleoid

Question 9

Unique ribosome to prokaryotes

Answer 9

Monosome 70s
- Large Subunit 50s
- Small Subunit 30s

Question 10

Coiled chromatin fibers

Answer 10

Chromosome

Question 11

Extended form of chromosome

Answer 11

Chromatin fibers

Question 12

Chromosome with centromere at the middle

Answer 12

Metacentric

Question 13

Chromosome with centromere at the middle of the middle and the end

Answer 13

Submetacentric

Question 14

Chromosome with centromere near the end

Answer 14

Acrocentric

Question 15

Chromosome with centromere at the end

Answer 15

Teleocentric

Question 16

Chromatids that display the same trait

Answer 16

Sister Chromatids

Question 17

2 copies of gene

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

1 copy of gene

Answer 18

Haploid

Question 19

Leads to the production of two cells with same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer 19

Mitosis

Question 20

Expresses mitosis and are non-sex cells

Answer 20

Somatic Cells

Question 21

Roles of Mitosis

Answer 21

1. Growth and Development
2. Regeneration and Repair
3. Basis of asexual reproduction

Question 22

Duplication of DNA

Answer 22

Interphase

Question 23

Partitioning of genetic material into daughter cells

Answer 23

Karyokinesis

Question 24

Cytoplasmic division

Answer 24

Cytokinesis

Question 25

Interphase > Karyokinesis > Cytokinesis > Repeat

Answer 25

Cell Cycle

Question 26

Cells become dormant but not proliferative

Answer 26

G0 stage

Question 27

Checks the cell size and DNA quality

Answer 27

G1/S checkpoint

Question 28

Checks DNA replication and quality

Answer 28

G2/M checkpoint

Question 29

Checks spindle assembly

Answer 29

M checkpoint

Question 30

[MT] Chromatin fibers are uncoiled and nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate.

Answer 30

Interphase

Question 31

[MT] Visible chromosome, spindle fiber formation, and complete disintegration of nuclear membrane

Answer 31

Prophase

Question 32

Multi-subunit protein complex formed during interphase

Answer 32

Cohesin

Question 33

Star-like arrangement of microtubules

Answer 33

Asters

Question 34

[MT] Period of chromosome migration to the equatorial plane by spindle fibers to kinetochore.

Answer 34

Prometaphase

Question 35

Assembly of multilayered plates of proteins

Answer 35

Kinetochore

Question 36

Degrades cohesin in sister chromatid

Answer 36

Separase

Question 37

Protects the cohesin from the degradation of centromeric region.

Answer 37

Shugoshin

Question 38

[MT] Chromosome configuration after migration

Answer 38

Metaphase

Question 39

[MT] Degradation of shugoshin and cohesin which disjuncts the sister chromatids and pulled in opposite poles

Answer 39

Anaphase

Question 40

[MT] Uncoiling of chromosomes, reformation of nuclear envelope and cell plate, and disappearance of spindle fiber.

Answer 40

Telophase

Question 41

Cell division by which gametes or spores are produced and ensures that there is enormous genetic variation.

Answer 41

Meiosis

Question 42

Two sources of variations

Answer 42

1. Maternal and Paternal Chromosomes derived from gametes 2. Crossing over

Question 43

Genetic exchange between members of each homologous pair of chromosome.

Answer 43

Crossing over

Question 44

Stage of meiosis to only have DNA replication

Answer 44

Interphase

Question 45

Substages of Prophase I

Answer 45

1. Leptonema 2. Zygonema 3. Pachynema 4. Diplonema 5. Diakinesis

Question 46

[ME-P] Chromatin thickens and coils into visible chromosome.

Answer 46

Leptonema

Question 47

[ME-P] Synapse pairing of homologs.

Answer 47

Zygonema

Question 48

[ME-P] Formation of tetrads.

Answer 48

Pachynema

Question 49

[ME-P] Crossing over of Tetrads

Answer 49

Diplonema

Question 50

A point where non-sister chromatids undergoing genetic exchange

Answer 50

Chiasmata

Question 51

[ME-P] Breakdown of nucleolus and nuclear envelope and attachment of tetrads to spindle fiber

Answer 51

Diakinesis

Question 52

[ME] Chromosome maximally shortened and thickened.

Answer 52

Metaphase I

Question 53

[ME] Dyads are pulled to opposite poles.

Answer 53

Anaphase I

Question 54

[ME] Nuclear membrane forms around dyads

Answer 54

Telophase I