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BIO 130.01 > M2: DNA Replication > Flashcards

M2: DNA Replication Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

3 modes of DNA replication?

A

Dispersive, Semi-conservative, Conservative

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2
Q

A pair of old and new strand of DNA

A

Semi-Conservative

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3
Q

Homologous double strand of DNA

A

Conservative

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4
Q

Double strand combined with old and new genes

A

Dispersive

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5
Q

Ratio of Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

A

1:3

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6
Q

Ratio of Conservative DNA Replication

A

1:3

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7
Q

Ratio of Dispersive DNA Replication

A

1:1

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8
Q

Proof that DNA is semi-conservative

A

Meselson-Stahl Experiment

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9
Q

DNA replication starts at a specific point called the origin of replication, and then proceeds in both directions, creating two replication forks moving away from each other

A

Bidirectional Synthesis

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10
Q

Direction of DNA replication

A

5’ to 3’

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11
Q

In bacteria, No. of replicon

A

In bacteria, No. of origin & No. of termination

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12
Q

No. of origins in yeast (bacteria)

A

250 - 400 origins

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13
Q

No. of origins in mammalian

A

25,000 origins

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14
Q

Segment of DNA that is replicated as a unit from a single origin

A

Replicon

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15
Q

Parts of replication site

A

Ori site and Termination site

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16
Q

Needed by DNA polymerase to synthesize at 5’ to 3’

A

Hydroxyl group at 3’

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17
Q

Provides energy to DNA synthesis

A

Cleavage of Triphosphate

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18
Q

Short sequences complimentary to DNA

A

RNA Primer

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19
Q

Requirements for RNA Primer

A
  1. Short RNA sequence
  2. Complimentary to the DNA
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20
Q

Kinds of Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) Primers

A

DNA Primer, Forward Primer, Reverse Primer

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21
Q

Replicates 3’ - 5’ template

A

Forward Primer

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22
Q

Replicates 5’ - 3’ template

A

Reverse Primer

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23
Q

Enzyme replacing supercoils ahead of replisome

A

DNA gyrase (gyrAB)

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24
Q

Enzyme binding origin of replication to open double helix

A

Origin-binding protein (dna A)

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25
Enzyme loading helicase at origin
Helicase loader (dnaC)
26
Enzyme unwinding double helix at replication fork
Helicase (dnaB)
27
Enzyme preventing single strands from annealing
Single-strand binding protein (ssb)
28
Enzyme priming new strands of DNA
Primase (dnaG)
29
Main polymerizing enzyme
DNA Polymerase III
30
Enzyme loading Pol III into sliding clamp
Clamp holder (hol A-E)
31
Enzyme holding Pol III on DNA
Sliding clamp (dnaN)
32
Enzyme stranding elongation
Polymerase subunit (dnaE)
33
Enzyme holding together the two core enzymes for the leading and lagging strands
Dimerization subunit (Tau) (dnaX)
34
Enzyme for proofreading
Proofreading subunit (dnaQ)
35
Enzyme excising RNA primer and fills in the gaps
DNA Polymerase I (Pol A)
36
Enzyme sealing nicks in DNA
DNA Ligase (lig A, lig B)
37
Enzyme binding terminus and blocks progress at replication forks
Tus Proteins (tus)
38
Enzyme unlinking at interlocked circles
Topoisomerase IV (par CE)
39
Large replication complex formed by aggregation of replication proteins
Replisomes
40
Binding site of precursor nucleotide
3' end
41
By-product formed during binding of nucleotide to a growing chain
Diphosphate
42
Responsible for DNA repair, primer removal, and filling of gaps from primer removal
DNA Polymerase I
43
Responsible as primary replication enzyme
DNA Polymerase III
44
Responsible for DNA repair
DNA Polymerase II, IV, and V
45
No. of molecules of polymerase cell in DNA Polymerase I
400
46
No. of molecules of polymerase cell in DNA Polymerase III
15
47
DNA Polymerase with 5' 3' polymerization
DNA Polymerase I, II, III
48
DNA Polymerase with 3'-5' exonuclease activity
DNA Polymerase I, II, III
49
DNA Polymerase with 5'-3' exonuclease activity
DNA Polymerase I
50
Addition of nucleotides at the 3' end
5'-3' polymerization activity
51
Direction of proofreading activity
3'-5' exonuclease activity
52
Direction of removal of RNA Primers
5'-3' exonuclease activity
53
Elongates polynucleotide chain and proofreads
Core enzyme
54
DNA polymerase III for 5'-3' polymerization
Alpha-DNA Polymerase III
55
DNA polymerase III for 3'-5' exonuclease
Eta-DNA Polymerase III
56
DNA polymerase III for core assembly
theta-DNA Polymerase III
57
DNA polymerase III for sliding clamp structure
Beta-DNA Polymerase III
58
DNA polymerase III for dimerizes core complex
Tau-DNA Polymerase III
59
No. of different DNA polymerase in humans
At least 14
60
No. of different DNA polymerase in Mammalian cells
Ten of Thousands
61
Low processivity, RNA primer synthesis, and replaced by Pol-Delta or Pol-Epsilon
DNA Pol-Alpha of Eukaryotes
62
High processivity and extend primers on opposite strands of DNA
DNA Pol-Delta/Epsilon of Eukaryotes
63
DNA Pol of eukaryotes responsible for leading strand
DNA Pol-Epsilon of Eukaryotes
64
DNA Pol of eukaryotes responsible for lagging strand and proofreading
DNA Pol-Delta of Eukaryotes
65
It is opened by dnaA which exposes ssDNA regions
dsDNA
66
Site of replication initiation and separation of dsDNA
Origin of Replication
67
Recruited by dnaA to bind to replication fork
Holoenzyme
68
It initiates replication
Helicase
69
Keeps the unwound strands in an extended form for replication
Single-strand binding protein
70
Not ideal structure of DNA Formation
Hairpin structure
71
Coiling tension ahead of replication fork
DNA Supercoiling
72
Catalyzes localized movements that have the effect of "undoing" the twists and knots created during supercoiling
DNA Gyrase
73
Synthesis of RNA Primer
Primase
74
Proofreading Mechanism
Begins at nucleotide insertion and clips mismatched nucleotide and inserted correct nucleotide
75
Replication begins with RNA Primer at 5'
Leading Strand
76
Replication begins with 3' and with primase putting RNA Primers
Lagging Strand
77
Short strands between RNA Primers
Okazaki fragment
78
Opposite side of the chromosome from origin and contains Ter sites
Terminus of Replication
79
Recognized Ter sites and blocks replication forks
Tus Proteins
80
Facilitates DNA Partitioning in daughter cells during cell division
FtsZ
81
The phase where tight coupling of DNA synthesis and histone synthesis happens
S Phase
82
Assembly of new nucleosomes behind replication forks
Chromatin assembly factors
83
Problems assocated with Linear DNA Ends of Eukaryotes
1. Resemble ds breaks 2. DNA Polymerase cannot synthesize new DNA at the tips of ss 5' end
84
Region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome
Telomeres
85
Ribonucleoprotein enzyme
Telomerase
86
Attachment (template for DNA) guide to telomere
Telomerase RNA Component (TERC)
87
Catalytic subunit of telomerase enzyme
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT)
88
Region where Telomeric DNA is synthesized
G-rich tail
89
Location of DNA replication for eukaryotes
Nucleus
90
Location of DNA replication for prokaryotes
Nucleoid

BIO 130.01 (13 decks)

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