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BIO 130.01 > M2: DNA Transcription > Flashcards

M2: DNA Transcription Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of RNA

A

Transcription

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2
Q

Regulated process of DNA Transcription

A
  1. Protein-demand dependent
  2. Conservation of Cell Resources
  3. Enhanced Cell Fitness
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3
Q

Evidences of RNA as Intermediate Molecule in the Genetic Information Flow

A
  1. DNA does not participate in protein synthesis
  2. RNA is synthesized in nucleus or nuclear region
  3. RNA migrates to cytoplasm for protein synthesis
  4. RNA is chemically similar to DNA
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4
Q

DNA serving as a template for RNA Polymerase

A

DNA Template Strand

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5
Q

Similar 5’ to 3’ with transcribed RNA molecule

A

DNA Coding Strand

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6
Q

Initial step of Transcription

A

Template Binding

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7
Q

Recognized by sigma factors located upstream in the gene that signals the start of initial binding

A

Promoter

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8
Q

Cluster of gene found in bacteria that regulates genes

A

Operons

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9
Q

Similar sequences

A
  • Different genes in the same organism
  • One or more genes of related organisms
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10
Q

Promoters of Bacteria

A

Not similar promoter to Eukarya

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11
Q

Promoters of Archaea

A

Similar promoter to Eukarya

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12
Q

Recognition Sequences in Eukaryotic Promoter Region

A
  1. TATA - Goldberg-Hoyness Box
  2. CAAT/CCAAT box
  3. GC
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13
Q

Cis-Acting DNA Elements in Eukaryotes

A
  1. Core Promoter
  2. Proximal Promoter
  3. Enhancers and Silencers
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14
Q

Determines the binding site of RNAP II

A

Core Promoter

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15
Q

Helps modulate the level of transcription

A

Proximal Promoter

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16
Q

Cis-acting element that influence the efficiency or rate of transcription initiation by RNAP II

A

Enhancers and Silencers

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17
Q

Facilitates RNAP II binding and initiation of transcription

A

Trans-Acting Factors

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18
Q

Required trans-acting factor for RNAP II mediated transcription

A

General Transcription Factors

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19
Q

Trans-acting factor that influence the efficiency of RNAP II transcription initiation

A

Transcriptional activators and repressors

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20
Q

Catalyzed polymerization of RNA molecules, 5’ to 3’

A

RNA Polymerase

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21
Q

No. of RNA Polymerase in Eukaryotes

22
Q

No. of RNA Polymerase in Bacteria

23
Q

RNA Pol producing rRNA in nucleolus

24
Q

RNA Pol producing mRNA in nucleoplasm

25
RNA Pol producing ssrRNA, tRNA in nucleoplasm
RNA Pol III
26
Provide the catalytic basis and active site of transcription in bacteria
RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme
27
Associated with dissociable subunit that recognizes specific promoters in bacteria
RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme
28
Recognizes the appropriate site on the DNA to initiate transcription
Sigma factor
29
Sigma factor recognizing promoter and initiation site
Promoter Reognition
30
Opens promoter complex
Local unwinding
31
RNA Pol starts to build a complimentary RNA strand
Chain initiation
32
Required in eukaryotes for initiation of transcription
Chromatin remodeling/Histone modification
33
RNA moves along 3' to 5'
Chain Elongation
34
Site of adding nucleotides by RNA Pol in the RNA growing chain
3' OH
35
Governed by specific base sequences on DNA
Chain Termination
36
Mechanisms of Termination in Bacteria
1. Rho-dependent Termination 2. Rho-independent Termination
37
Rho causes both the RNA and RNA Polymerase to be released from the DNA
Rho-dependent Termination
38
Rho-dependent termination site
Rho utilization/rut site
39
GC-rich sequences, containing an inverted repeat with a central non-repeating segment, followed by run of Adenines
Rho-independent Termination
40
Incorporation of polyadenylation sequence and cleavage of roughly 10-35 bases in 3' direction
Termination in Eukaryotic Transcription
41
Incorporated sequence for eukaryotic transcription termination
Polyadenylation Signal Sequence
42
Initial or Primary transcripts of protein-coding mRNA
Eukaryotic Pre-mRNA
43
Post-Transcriptional Modifications in Eukaryotes
1. Addition of 7-methylguanosine cap at 5' end 2. Poly A Tailing 3. RNA Splicing
44
Protection from nuclease attack
Addition of 7-methylguanosine cap at 5' end
45
Protects the mRNA
Poly-A Tailing
46
Removal of intervening sequence
RNA Splicing
47
Products of Transcription
mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA
48
Organism that have post-transcriptional mRNA
Eukaryote
49
Cistronicity of Prokaryotes
Polycistronic genes
50
Cistronicity of Eukaryotes
Monocistronic
51
Single gene, single transcription, single mRNA, but multiple and different proteins
Polycistronic genes

BIO 130.01 (13 decks)

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