M1.1 — 7 Tx, Lx, Sacrum, Coccyx 5-11 Flashcards
(24 cards)
at birth, the discs make up / of the vertebral column height.
1/3rd
at birth, the nucleus pulposus occupies __% of the cross-sectional area of the disc. By 7-8 years the nucleus pulposus begins to be replaced by ____
40%
collagen fibers, diminishes elasticity
at birth, axial loads are transmitted and absorbed ______ through the disc. by 7-8 years, loads transmit more directly to the ___
radially
periphery of the endplates
growth is constant in all vertebral levels until age __. After this age, lumbar vertebra begin increasing in lateral and AP diameter
2
immature vertebra are ____ shaped due to ___ of the anterior vertebral body
wedge
notching of the anterior vertebral body (fetal notochord remnants)
in immature vertebra, endplates float over the vertebral body separated by a zone of ____ until puberty
endochondral ossification
T1-10 have limited ROM and rotation. Rotation _____ (increases/decreases) in the caudal direction? gradual transition of the facets from ____ in the upper tx to ____ in the lumbar spine
increases
caudal, sagittal
maximum flexion/extension in the Tx spine occurs at ___-___
T11-T12 - more susceptible to injury
due to lumbar lordosis up to / of the weight bearing support is in the posterior elements. And normal axis for flexion/extension passes through he center of the ____
1/3rd
nucleus pulposus
instability of the T/L spine is more or less common than the Cx spine
less common
Tx instability is determined by 3 columns. _+ columns involved = instability
2+
Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis occurs in __-__ year olds and affects boys or girls more? more on the left or right?
3-9 yo
G>B, R>L
juvenile idiopathic scoliosis is ___ (more or less) common than infantile, and ____(more or less) common than adolescent
more common than idiopathic but less common than adolescent
treatment for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis if mild? moderate or severe?
mild (10-25 degrees) - observation 6-8 months
moderate to severe (>25 degrees) or progression - bracing and/or surgery
refer to pediatric orthopedic surgeon
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis occurs in children >__ years old and is typically a ___ sided thoracic curve
> 11 yo
right-sided thoracic curve
How is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis measured radiographically?
Cobb’s method
what are the treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
<20 degrees - observation
20-40 degrees - bracing
>40 degrees - surgical referral
What is a schmorl node? symptoms? treatment?
post traumatic or developmental nucleus pulposus herniation
if acute, cn result in edema leading to pain/inflammation
if chronic, usually asymptomatic
8-12 weeks rest
what is a limbus bone? symptoms?
uninvited secondary ossification center of vertebral body, usually anterosuperior , herniation of nucleus pulposus through the endplates under the ring apophysis
usually asymptomatic
what are the radiographic features of a limbus bone?
well-corticated
sclerotic margins, triangular in shape, “fits” back in with parent bone
mid-lumbar spine
Unlike limbus bone, symptoms of a ring apophyseal fracture are?
back pain, sciatica, muscle weakness
