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Biology > M11: Energy Transformation > Flashcards

M11: Energy Transformation Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Is the study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

focuses on how living cells often produce, store or consume ATP.

A

Bioenergetics

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3
Q

understand how cells transfer energy in relation to processes like Respiration and Photosynthesis.

A

Bioenergetics

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4
Q

Is the process by which cells transform energy from one form to another.

A

Bioenergetics

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5
Q

Potential Energy

  1. C________
  2. T________
A

chemical
thermal

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6
Q

kinetic energy

  1. t________
  2. h_______
  3. E________
  4. R__________
A

thermal
heat
electrical
radiant

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7
Q

Potential Energy

____________ - Energy found in a substance

A

Chemical Energy

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8
Q

Stored chemical energy in a substance. (chemical bonds, nuclear bonds, electrostatic or intermolecular bonds)

A

thermal energy

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9
Q

Energy produce when atoms vibrate and produce heat

A

Thermal Energy

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10
Q

Energy in a substance that is being transferred because of a difference in temperature

A

Heat Energy

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11
Q

Energy produce when electrons move.

A

Electrical Energy

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12
Q

Energy produce when photons move.

A

Radiant Energy

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13
Q

Laws of Energy Transformation = Laws of T_________________

A

Laws of Energy Transformation = Laws of Thermodynamics

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14
Q

In biology, it refers to the study of energy transduction that occur in a living organisms.

A

Thermodynamics

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15
Q

the act of changing energy from one form to another

A

Transduction

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16
Q

Organisms need e_________to stay alive. > Organisms are energy t___________. > Organisms take in energy and t_______- it into new forms.

A

Organisms need energy to stay alive. > Organisms are energy transformers. > Organisms take in energy and transduce it into new forms.

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17
Q

Why is transduction in living organisms important?

To generate and maintain s________

To allow all kinds of m________

To maintain concentration and electrical gradients across membranes.

To maintain body t__________.

A

To generate and maintain structure

To allow all kinds of movement

To maintain concentration and electrical gradients
across membranes.

To maintain body temperature.

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18
Q

Example of Transduction in Biology

Light to Chemical energy – P___________

Light to Electrical energy – E_____ V_______

Chemical to Electrical – N__________ system

Chemical to Mechanical – m_________

Chemical to Chemical energy – R__________

A

Example of Transduction in Biology

Light to Chemical energy – Photosynthesis

Light to Electrical energy – Eye Vision

Chemical to Electrical – Nervous system

Chemical to Mechanical – Muscles

Chemical to Chemical energy – Respiration

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19
Q

It is the part of the universe on which you focus your attention.

A

Systems

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20
Q

Includes everything else in the universe

A

Surroundings

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21
Q

It is made up of both the systems and surroundings.

22
Q

In photosynthesis the systems are the:

T_________
S________
All molecules/ compounds

Study These Flashcards
A

Thylakoid
Stroma
All molecules/ compounds

23
Q

in photocynthesis the surroundings are:

C_______
Cytoplasm
O___________
The whole cell

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A

in photocynthesis the surroundings are:

Chlorophyll
Cytoplasm
Organelles
The whole cell

24
Q

Types of Systems

  1. open
  2. c____
  3. i________
Study These Flashcards
A

Types of Systems

  1. open
  2. close
  3. isolated
25
Flow of matter and energy changes into and out of the system is used to perform chemical and physical processes (metabolism).
open thermodynamic system -cell
26
1st Law of Thermodynamics a.k.a Law of conservation of e_________
1st Law of Thermodynamics a.k.a Law of conservation of energy
27
2nd Law of Thermodynamics a.k.a Law of e_________-
entropy
28
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can only change in form.
1st Law of Thermodynamics
29
he quantity of energy of the universe always remain constant.
1st Law of Thermodynamics
30
Used to form complex carbohydrates necessary to build plant mass.
glucose
31
Change into ATP needed to perform cell functions such as DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, cell movement, endocytosis, exocytosis, and apoptosis.
Glucose
32
Change into ATP into work energy
Glucose
33
By Rudolf Clausius
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
34
Also known as the Law of Entropy.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
35
states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy of the universe.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
36
Change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system.
spontaneous process
37
states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy of the universe.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
38
A thermodynamic (energy) function that describes the degree of randomness or probability of existence.
Entropy
39
What is the significance of Entropy ? The driving force for a spontaneous process is an _______- in the entropy of the ___________.
The driving force for a spontaneous process is an increase in the entropy of the universe.
40
A system and its surroundings always proceed to a state of maximum d_________ or entropy
A system and its surroundings always proceed to a state of maximum disorder or entropy
41
The total energy of the universe is ___________ , but the _________ is increasing.
The total energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy is increasing.
42
Energy conversions are (not/always) 100% efficient. Some can be transduced in another form of energy.
always
43
meaning of ATP
adenosine triphosphate
44
ATP is composed of nitrogenous base called, ________________, bound to the _________________ ribose and _________________ phosphate groups the bonds between the three phosphate groups are high energy- an enormous amount of energy is packed into these bonds.
adenine sugar three
45
When energy is needed, the ___________________ phosphate group is removed in a process called ___________________ releasing energy and forming adenosine ______________________.
terminal hydolysis diphosphate
46
This cycle from ATP to ADP and back again to ATP is called the _____________________.
atp cycle
47
Coupled Reaction ___________ reaction + _________ reaction
exergonic + endergonic
48
break chemical bonds of large reactants and produce smaller products
Exergonic Reaction
49
form chemical bonds of smaller reactants to produce larger products
Endergonic Reaction
50
Release energy
Exergonic Reaction
51
Absorbs energy
Endergonic Reaction

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