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Biology > M15: Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

M15: Cellular Respiration Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

The sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.

A

METABOLISM

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2
Q

2 TYPES OF METABOLISM

  1. C______
  2. A________
A

catabolism and anabolism

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3
Q

Breaks down bigger molecules to smaller molecules

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

makes and released energy

A

Catabolism

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5
Q

Potential energy is converted into kinetic.

A

Catabolism

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6
Q

Required to perform different activities in living entities.

A

Catabolism

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7
Q

Construct smaller molecules into bigger molecules

A

Anabolism

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8
Q

Uses energy

A

Anabolism

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9
Q

Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy

A

Anabolism

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10
Q

It is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

When a molecule loses an electron
NADH to NAD+

A

OXIDATION

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12
Q

The physical and chemical processes (such as breathing and diffusion) by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions.

A

RESPIRATION

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13
Q

When a molecule gain an electron
NAD+ and NADH

A

REDUCTION

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14
Q

3 STEPS OF RESPIRATION

E_______ respiration
I_________ respiration
C__________ respiration

A

External respiration
Internal respiration
Cellular respiration

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15
Q

respiration between environment and lungs

A

External respiration

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16
Q

respiration between blood and cell

A

internal respiration

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17
Q

Chemical reaction which breakdown nutrients to release energy.

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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18
Q

Involves the conversion of food to energy.

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A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

19
Q

Organisms’ breakdown glucose from food to create energy, known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

20
Q

It occurs inside the living cells of all types of organisms (from prokaryotic bacteria and Achaeans to eukaryotic protests, fungi, plants, and animals) to carry out various vital activities like muscle contraction, nerve transmission, cell division, etc.

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A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

21
Q

2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

A_________ and A_________

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A

2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration

22
Q

Release of energy
Breakdown of glucose
Catabolic and exergonic reaction
Using oxygen

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A

Aerobic Respiration

23
Q

Release energy
Breakdown of glucose
Catabolic and exergonic reaction
no oxygen

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A

Anaerobic Respiration

24
Q

Aerobic Respiration

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + w_____ + e_____

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A

Aerobic Respiration

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

25
Anaerobic Respiration Animal (lactic acid fermentation) Glucose > L____ A_____ + e______
Anaerobic Respiration Animal (lactic acid fermentation) Glucose > Lactic Acid + Energy
26
Anaerobic Respiration Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts (ethanol fermentation) Glucose > E_____ + c_____ d_____ + e______
Anaerobic Respiration Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts (ethanol fermentation) Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
27
Breakdowns glucose to produce ATP without the use of oxygen.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
28
2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION 1. g________ 2. f________
2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION 1. glycolysis 2. fermentation
29
glucose is broken down by ATP, NAD+ and Enzymes (E) Location: Cytoplasm in the cytosol
glycolysis
30
Stages of glycolysis 2 ATP and e________ breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL) Enzymes add free __ to form 1,3 b_______________ Reduction/ Formation of 2 N_____ Formation of 4 ____
Stages of glycolysis 2 ATP and enzymes breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL) Enzymes add free P to form 1,3 biphosphoglycerate Reduction/ Formation of 2 NADH Formation of 4 ATP
31
END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE: 1. 2 p________ (C3H4O3) 2. 2 ______ 3. 4 A____ How many ATP molecules was gained in this process? __ ATP
END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE: 1. 2 pyruvate (C3H4O3) 2. 2 NADH 3. 4 ATP How many ATP molecules was gained in this process? 2 ATP
32
Occurs when cells do not have enough oxygen. Makes sure that glycolysis will continue. LOCATION: Cytoplasm in the cytosol
FERMENTATION
33
STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION 1. formation of _____ acid 2. r___________ of ______
STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION 1. formation of lactic acid 2. regeneration of NAD+
34
END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE: 1. 2 _______ ______ (C3H6O3) 2. __ ATP (net gain of __ ATP) 3. 2 _____
END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE: 1. 2 lactic acid (C3H6O3) 2. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP) 3. 2 NAD+
35
why is lactic acid fermentation important? because it r___________ NAD+ needed to start g_________ again
why is lactic acid fermentation important? because it regenerate NAD+ needed to start gloycolysis again
36
Provide immediate energy during strenuous exercises
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
37
Lack of oxygen in muscles Can cause muscle fatigue or cramps
OXYGEN DEBT
38
Is caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles
MUSCLE FATIGUE OR CRAMPS
39
USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Use in making ___________ bread Use in preserving c__________ to make pickles Use in making y_______
USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Use in making sourdough bread Use in preserving cucumbers to make pickles Use in making yogurt
40
occurs in yeasts and some plants location: cytosol
ETHANOL FERMENTATIONq
41
STEPS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION STEP 1: G_______ STEP 2: F___________
STEP 1: Glycolysis STEP 2: Fermentation
42
STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION 1. breaking down of __________ by an e_________ to produce ____ 2. Regeneration of 2 _______
STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION 1. breaking down of pyruvate by an enzyme to produce CO2 2. Regeneration of 2 NAD+
43
END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE 1. 2 ___ 2. 2 ___________ 3. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP) 4. 2 NAD+
END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE 1. 2 CO2 2. 2 C2H5OH 3. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP) 4. 2 NAD+
44
USES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION Use in making w_____ and b_______ Used in making most b______ _____ - forms b_________ that makes bread fluffy E______ - Evaporates during baking
Use in making wine and beer used in making most bread CO2 - forms bubbles that makes bread fluffy Ethanol - Evaporates during baking

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