M2: Week 7 - Learning, Memory, & Amnesia

Question 1

IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA

Difficulty recalling events or information that occured before onset of amnesia

Answer 1

Retrogade Amnesia

Question 2

IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA

Temporary memory loss lasting several hours, typically not associated with long-term memory problems

Answer 2

Transient Global Amnesia

Question 3

IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA

Difficulty forming new memories or recalling information learned since onset of amnesia

Answer 3

Anterogade Amnesia

Question 4

IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA

Caused by traumatic brain injury, can cause difficulty recalling events before and after injury, and difficulty forming new memories

Answer 4

Post-Traumatic Amnesia

Question 5

IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA

Caused by psychological trauma or stress, may cause difficulty recalling personal information/specific events

Answer 5

Dissociative Amnesia

Question 6

**IDENTIFICATION - TYPES OF AMNESIA

Inability to remember events from infancy/early childhood due to underdeveloped areas of the brain during this period.

Answer 6

Infantile Amnesia

Question 7

IDENTIFICATION:

Known as the operant conditioning

Answer 7

Instrumental Conditioning

Question 8

IDENTIFICATION:

The response leads to a reinforcer or punishment

Answer 8

Instrumental Conditioning/Operant Conditioning

Question 9

IDENTIFICATION - INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING

Increases the future probability of the response

Answer 9

Reinforcer

Question 10

IDENTIFICATION - INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING

Suppresses the frequency

Answer 10

Punishment

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE

In Instrumental Conditioning, the individual’s response determines the outcome

Answer 11

t

Question 12

IDENTIFICATION:

The __________ __________ is the best or only place to search for an engram

Answer 12

Cerebral Cortex

Question 13

IDENTIFICATION:

One nucleus of the cerebellum where learning occured

Answer 13

Lateral Inerpositus Nucleus

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE:

Damage to the cerebellum impairs a learned response only if the response needs to be made with precise timing

Answer 14

True

Question 15

IDENTIFICATION:

Pairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them

Answer 15

Classical Conditioning

Question 16

IDENTIFICATION:

Highly emotional experiences arouse the locus coeruleus which increases norepinephrine release throughout the cortex and dopamine release in the hippocampus.

Answer 16

Flashbulb Memories

Question 17

IDENTIFICATION:

Marked by periods of forgetfulness, confusion, slow thinking and impaired concentration.

Answer 17

Brain Fog

Question 18

IDENTIFICATION:

It increases the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 18

APOE4 Gene

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE:

Most people with Down Syndrome (caused by extra copy of chromosome 21,) develop Alzheimer’s disease in middle age.

Answer 19

t

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE:

Short Term and Long-Term Memory differ in capacity

Answer 20

t

Question 21

IDENTIFICATION:

STM requires (1.) while LTM can be (2.)

Answer 21

1. Rehearsal
2. Reconstructed

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE:

If you forgot something in the STM, it is not lost.

Answer 22

FALSE; it is lost

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE:

In LTM, a hint might help you reconstruct something you thought you had forgotten.

Answer 23

t

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE:

Storing something in short-term memory long enough made it possible for the brain to consolidate (strengthen) it into long-term memory by building new synapses or other structural changes.

Answer 24

t

Question 25

**IDENTIFICATION:** In classical conditioning, the experimenter presents a ________ __________ that elicits no response

Answer 25

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Question 26

**IDENTIFICATION:** After some pairings of the CS and the UCS, the individual begins making a new response to the CS called _____?

Answer 26

CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)

Question 27

**TRUE OR FALSE:** Conditioned Stimulus and Uncontrolled Response occur at certain times regardless of the individual's behavior.

Answer 27

t

Question 28

**IDENTIFICATION:** It automatically elicits the **Uncontrolled Response**

Answer 28

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 29

**IDENTIFICATION:** the physical representation of what has been learned.

Answer 29

Engram

Question 30

**TRUE OR FALSE:** Some types of learning did not depend on connections across the cortex.

Answer 30

t

Question 31

**IDENTIFICATION:** are complex tasks in which a rat attends to visual and tactile stimuli.

Answer 31

Maze Learning and Visual Discrimination Learning

Question 32

**IDENTIFICATION:** Alzheimer's are linked to an increase to two brain chemicals called ____?

Answer 32

B-Amyloid and Tau Protein

Question 33

**IDENTIFICATION:** It is a **universal experience** that older children and adults remember little of what happened in their first few years.

Answer 33

Infant Amnesia

Question 34

**TRUE OR FALSE:** Infant Amnesia is **NOT** a disorder

Answer 34

t

Question 35

**TRUE OR FALSE:** Rapid formation of new neurons in the infant hippocampus facilitates new learning but that the cost of increasing forgetting

Answer 35

t

Question 36

**IDENTIFICATION:** Who is the proponent of **LATERAL INERPOSITUS NUCLEUS**

Answer 36

Richard Thompson

Question 37

**IDENTIFICATION:** **Most common** cause of severe memory loss

Answer 37

Alzheimer's Disease