M2 Assessment

Question 1

Sleeping pills increase both the amplitude and frequency of __.

Answer 1

Delta waves

Question 2

Increasing sensitivity to a drug is called ___.

Answer 2

Drug sensitization

Question 3

Impedes axon regrowth because the chemical Chondroitins is called __.

Answer 3

Scar tissue

Question 4

Stage of restorative sleep.

Answer 4

N3

Question 5

Progressive damage in various areas of the brain causes neurons in several areas of the brain to die.

Answer 5

Dementia

Question 6

Neurodegenerative diseases are not permanent and are treatable with medical advances.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

The dominant zeitgeber among land animals.

Answer 7

Light

Question 8

Neurodegenerative diseases are instant, fast damage that destroys parts of the nervous system.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Involuntary movement of the legs or arms during sleep that comes every 20 to 30 seconds and lasts for minutes or hours during NREM sleep.

Answer 9

Periodic limb movement disorder

Question 10

Devon is very adventurous and always wanting to try out new things. He started taking drugs out of curiosity. He finds positive effects of the drugs on his work as an artist. After 3 years of being addicted, he was convinced to go to rehab. After successful rehab, old friends invited him for a pot session, which he couldn’t resist. Identify the stages of addiction.

Answer 10

Initial, novelty seeking; habitual incentive-sensitization; Relapse, exposure to cues

Question 11

The leading cause of preventable death in the world is __

Answer 11

Tobacco

Question 12

A combination of EEG and eye movement records.

Answer 12

Polysomnography

Question 13

Conditions that alternate between sleep and moderate but no awareness of surroundings and no purposeful behavior.

Answer 13

Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome

Question 14

People may dream across the stages in their sleep.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The slowest brain waves primarily occur during deep sleep.

Answer 15

Delta waves

Question 16

Impaired ability to breathe while sleeping.

Answer 16

Sleep apnea

Question 17

The neurodiversity paradigm states that ‘there is nothing to cure’

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Difficulty forming new memories or recalling information learned since onset of amnesia

Answer 18

Anterograde amnesia

Question 19

According to __ dreams originate from the brain’s motivations, memories, and arousal.

Answer 19

Neurocognitive model

Question 20

Disruption of circadian rhythms after crossing time zones.

Answer 20

Jet lag

Question 21

Drug that breaks up blood clots

Answer 21

tPA

Question 22

Melanopsin sends strong signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the hypothalamus when exposed to ___

Answer 22

Short-wavelength (bluish) light

Question 23

Neurodegenerative diseases are preventable when you take good care of your body.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

A blood clot or obstruction in the artery interrupts the normal blood flow to a brain area.

Answer 24

Ischemia

Question 25

Symptoms often involve slowed movements, shaking, and balance problems due to the damage to specific neurons in the brain that help manage coordination and precise control of muscle movements.

Answer 25

Parkinsonism type disease

Question 26

The preferred route of drug administration.

Answer 26

Oral ingestion

Question 27

Result of a ruptured artery where neurons are flooded with blood and excess oxygen and other chemicals causing accumulation of fluid.

Answer 27

Hemorrhage

Question 28

Participating in novel activities stimulates neuroplasticity.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Cocaine can be administered through ___

Answer 29

mucous membrane

Question 30

The ability of the brain to adapt or change over time by creating new neurons and building new networks.

Answer 30

Neuroplasticity

Question 31

Hibernation of animals is an example of ___

Answer 31

Circannual Rhythm

Question 32

Caused by psychological trauma or stress that may cause difficulty recalling personal information or specific events.

Answer 32

Dissociative amnesia

Question 33

While the SCN is the master clock, peripheral clocks exist in other organs such as the liver, heart, and gut.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The stage of sleep when the person is hardest to wake.

Answer 34

N3

Question 35

Dreamlike experiences that the person has trouble distinguishing from reality often happen at the onset of sleep.

Answer 35

Hypnogogic hallucinations

Question 36

Sharp waves that stand out from background brain wave patterns appear during stage 2 sleep.

Answer 36

K-complexes

Question 37

The capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered.

Answer 37

Plasticity

Question 38

Night owl adolescents and adults are reported to be happier on average.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Dreaming but not remembering any content

Answer 39

White dream

Question 40

Disease that involves myelin damage that affects sending and relaying nerve signals.

Answer 40

Demyelinating disease

Question 41

Universal experience that older children and adults remember little of what happened in their first few years, particularly episodic memory.

Answer 41

Infantile amnesia

Question 42

The biological clock is important for energy use and hormone regulation.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

___ alters perceptions that can induce experiences of derealization and depersonalization

Answer 43

LSD

Question 44

___ terminate the actions of most drugs through the liver.

Answer 44

Enzymes

Question 45

The creation of new brain cells

Answer 45

Neurogenesis

Question 46

Stress can alter the expression of genes related to addiction. This is an example of ___

Answer 46

Epigenetic vulnerabilities

Question 47

Refers to the idea that neurological differences seen in autism reflect normal variations in brain development

Answer 47

Neurodiversity

Question 48

Increases the future probability of the response

Answer 48

Reinforcer

Question 49

Results from changes that reduce the amount of the drug getting to the site of action.

Answer 49

Metabolic tolerance

Question 50

Neurons continue to transmit sensory information about the body part that they previously controlled.

Answer 50

Phantom limb syndrome

Question 51

Thinking about a drug can evoke conditioned compensatory responses; this is called ___

Answer 51

Interoceptive stimuli

Question 52

Substance and behavioral addiction are coexisting.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

__ depends on highly synchronized sharp waves that transfer information from the hippocampus or thalamus to the parietal and frontal cortex that happens during sleep and relaxed wakefulness.

Answer 53

Knowledge storage

Question 54

A dream represents the brain’s effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information. What kind of biological perspective?

Answer 54

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

Question 55

Brain waves that is common when awake but relaxed just before falling asleep.

Answer 55

Alpha waves

Question 56

The decreased activity of surviving neurons due to the damage of other neurons is called __

Answer 56

Diaschisis

Question 57

Losing muscle control causes weakness and eventually paralysis

Answer 57

Motor neuron disease

Question 58

Participating in novel activities stimulates neuroplasticity.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Marked by a period of forgetfulness, confusion, slow thinking, and impaired concentration.

Answer 59

Brain fog

Question 60

A small branch of the optic nerve from the retina to the SCN alters the SCN setting.

Answer 60

Retinohypothalmic path

Question 61

Stage of sleep where there are short bursts of activity called sigma waves and k-complexes.

Answer 61

N2

Question 62

If you forget something in the STM, it is lost but can be retrieved, but with LTM, a hint might help you reconstruct something you thought you had forgotten.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Weakens the BDNF or brain-derived neurotropic factor.

Answer 63

Stress

Question 64

Jill is aware that she is dreaming. It was a pretty good dream, and she wanted to add on to the theme of the dream. She woke up great. Jill is having a ____.

Answer 64

Lucid dream

Question 65

Sudden elimination of a drug can trigger an adverse physiological reaction; this is called ___.

Answer 65

Withdrawal syndrome

Question 66

Parkinson’s disease can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, while Huntington’s is an inherited disorder caused by genetic abnormality.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Artificial lighting is as good in resetting the biological clock.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

Temporary paralysis of the muscles during REM

Answer 68

Atonia

Question 69

Habitual drug use despite its adverse effects on health and social life and despite their repeated efforts to stop using it.

Answer 69

Drug addiction

Question 70

Temporary memory loss lasting several hours, typically not associated with long-term memory problems.

Answer 70

Transient global amnesia

Question 71

The effects of a stroke are immediately fatal.

Answer 71

False

Question 72

___ induce other axons to form new branches that take over the vacant synapse

Answer 72

neurotrophins

Question 73

A single exposure to the formerly misused drug can cause relapses. This is called __

Answer 73

Drug priming

Question 74

When a drug is administered at doses that affect the nervous system function, natural adaptive changes occur to reduce its effects.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

In classical conditioning, the __ that elicits no response is to be presented with ___ that would automatically elicit the ___.

Answer 75

CS; UCS; UCR

Question 76

The most consumed illicit drug is ___.

Answer 76

Cannabis