M4: Disorders of Childhood

Question 1

first region of brain that develops (2)

Answer 1

visual and motor

Question 2

last region of brain that develops

Answer 2

frontal lobes

Question 3

sections of limbic system found to be smaller in people who experience extreme stress as children (2)

Answer 3

hippocampus and amygdala

Question 4

Bowlby: lack of _________ is associated w wide variety of psych disorders

Answer 4

attachment

Question 5

Harlow’s rhesus monkeys found that attachment is driven by what process?

Answer 5

contact comfort NOT feeding process

Question 6

attachment patterns (4)

Answer 6

secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, disorganized

Question 7

attachment: anxious/ambivalent parenting style

Answer 7

aka resistant; inconsistent child care and intrusive

Question 8

attachment: disorganized/controlling parenting style

Answer 8

unpredictably abusive or frightening

Question 9

mirror neurons

Answer 9

turn observed behaviors into personal motor action plan by firing when motor actions of self/others are engaged

Question 10

mirror neurons are involved in what disorder?

Answer 10

autism spectrum disorder

Question 11

children appear to understand what other people see and know at what age?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Baron-Cohen’s 4 components of children developing ability to infer mental states in other people (4)

Answer 12

(1) intentionality detector (2) eye direction detector (3) shared attentional mechanism (4) theory of mind mechanism

Question 13

mental disorders that don’t appear until adolescence (6)

Answer 13

panic disorder, generalized anxiety d, PTSD, substance abuse, mood disorder, schizophrenia

Question 14

higher-level regions in cortex process what? (2)

Answer 14

sensory info + social interaction

Question 15

affective system (incl amygdala) process

Answer 15

emotional significance of event

Question 16

higher-level regions in cortex CREATES (3)

Answer 16

(1) mental model of social world (2) figures out mental state of others (3) determines effect actions have on others

Question 17

ventromedial prefrontal cortex (of brain) is responsible for what important functions? (5)

Answer 17

learning fears, emotional regulation, storing/retrieving episodic/semantic memories, understating feelings/emotions of others

Question 18

reactive attachment disorder (2)

Answer 18

lack of emotional responsiveness or (+) affect in social interactions

Question 19

those with reactive attachment disorder, were …

Answer 19

not cared for as children

Question 20

disinhibited social engagement disorder (2)

Answer 20

indiscriminate in social behavior; readily interact familiarity w/ strangers

Question 21

those with disinhibited social engagement disorder, were …

Answer 21

not cared for as children before age 2

Question 22

Asperger’s syndrome is seen as?

Answer 22

more functional autism

Question 23

autistic children’s IQ vs Raven Progressive Matrices Test

Answer 23

both low when verbal content present; high on nonverbal RPMT

Question 24

(T/F) relationship b/w vaccinations and autism exists

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

relationship b/w parent age and autism

Answer 25

autism rate increases as mother's age increases and when father is 50+

Question 26

empathizing-systemizing theory of autism (3)

Answer 26

(1) poor at empathizing/reading emotions of others (2) good at systemizing/organizing things into groups (3) good at understanding rules that govern them

Question 27

rate of autism

Answer 27

1 in 100 children

Question 28

sex differences in autism

Answer 28

boys to girls: 5-2 to 1

Question 29

rate of special abilities/talents amongst those w/ autism spectrum disorder

Answer 29

10% present w talents involving rote memory

Question 30

UCLA Young Autism Project developed by Lovaas (5)

Answer 30

(1) est teaching relationship (2) foundational skills (3) early communication (4) basic language processes (5) functional comm + peer interactions

Question 31

dimensions of ADHD (3)

Answer 31

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

Question 32

disorders often co-morbid w/ ADHD (3)

Answer 32

oppositional defiant d, anxiety d, conduct d

Question 33

heritability of ADHD

Answer 33

76%

Question 34

class of drugs that treat ADHD

Answer 34

stimulants (i.e. ritalin, adderall)

Question 35

biology of childhood/adolescent onset conduct disorder

Answer 35

abnormal activation of amygdala and reduced amygdala volume

Question 36

oppositional defiant disorder (2)

Answer 36

angry + defiant to authority

Question 37

conduct disorder (2)

Answer 37

aggressive towards others/animals + randomly destroy property

Question 38

learning disabilities

Answer 38

scores on achievement/intelligence tests are lower in one or more SPECIFIC areas

Question 39

intellectual development disorder

Answer 39

scores on achievement/intelligence tests are low in general; GLOBAL DEFICITS

Question 40

biological disorders that underlie intellectual development disorder (3)

Answer 40

chromosomal, metabolism, gestational

Question 41

factors that cause fetal damage during gestation that lead to intellectual development disorder (3)

Answer 41

(1) alcohol and cocaine (2) deficiencies in Fe, Zn, I (3) variety of infections

Question 42

critical periods in development where brain is more sensitive to both outside and inside factors (2)

Answer 42

(1) GESTATION/INFANCY when connections to cortex are initially organized (2) ADOLESCENCE when major brain recognition takes place

Question 43

major categories of Childhood Disorders on DSM-5 (4)

Answer 43

(1) trauma (2) stressor (3) neurodevelopmental (4) disruptive d, impulse d, conduct d's