Module 10: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Personality Disorders

Question 1

rates of illicit drug use over time have …

Answer 1

substantially declined since 1980’s

Question 2

major components of drug dependence (3)

Answer 2

(1) desire to seek and imbibe substance (2) inability to control consumption of substance (3) experience of (-) emotions when substance is unattainable

Question 3

delirium tremens

Answer 3

abuse of alcohol

Question 4

adolescent drug use vs drug use after 20

Answer 4

adolescent using drugs are 4x more likely to become addicted

Question 5

disorders involving same neurological processes as drug addiction (8)

Answer 5

ADD, affective d’s, anxiety d’s, bulimia, gambling, pathological, personality d’s, sexual addiction

Question 6

neurotransmitter activity associated w/ pleasurable aspects of drug use

Answer 6

dopamine increases

Question 7

brain parts stimulated by ventral tegmental area and involved in drug addiction (4)

Answer 7

(1) nucleus accumbens (most important) (2) prefrontal cortex (3) dorsal striatum (4) amygdala

Question 8

brain area associated with loss of control, compulsive use, craving, and denial of drug problem

Answer 8

prefrontal cortex

Question 9

most common drug abuse disorder in US

Answer 9

alcohol use disorder

Question 10

rates of alcohol use disorder in males and females

Answer 10

males 42%; females 20%

Question 11

reasons alcohol use is substantially lower in some regions (Middle East, Asia)

Answer 11

(1) Muslim countries ban its use (2) Asian genetic factors make alcohol unpleasant

Question 12

part of digestive system that absorbs majority of consumed alcohol

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

forms of alcohol that enter bloodstream faster

Answer 13

carbonated alcohol (alcohol soft drinks, champagne)

Question 14

forms of alcohol that enter bloodstream slower

Answer 14

those w/ food value (beer)

Question 15

males are considered heavy drinkers if they consume

Answer 15

more than 4 drinks per day or 14 drinks per week

Question 16

females are considered heavy drinkers if they consume

Answer 16

more than 3 drinks per day or 7 drinks a week

Question 17

relationship b/w cannabis use and psychotic symptoms/mental disorders

Answer 17

(+) relationship; paranoia and schizophrenia

Question 18

least potent hallucinogen

Answer 18

mescaline

Question 19

most potent hallucinogen

Answer 19

LSD

Question 20

neurotransmitter that stimulates same receptors as opioids

Answer 20

endorphins

Question 21

cocaine high versus high of other drugs

Answer 21

cocaine high is extremely short (15-40 minutes)

Question 22

cocaine increases dopamine levels in brain by

Answer 22

blocking reuptake of dopamine (usually happens through dopamine transporter)

Question 23

methamphetamine permanently reduces functioning in what neurons (2)

Answer 23

dopamine and serotonin

Question 24

largest cause of preventable disease/disability/death in US

Answer 24

tobacco

Question 25

substance tolerance

Answer 25

requiring more drug/substance for similar effect

Question 26

substance tolerance in gambling addiction

Answer 26

needing to bet more to have same level of excitement

Question 27

cognitive-emotional processes involved in gambling addiction (4)

Answer 27

(1) behavioral conditioning (2) environmental cues that trigger desire to gamble (3) impulsiveness (4) impaired executive functioning

Question 28

behavioral conditioning in gambling addiction

Answer 28

gamblers are rewarded on a variable ratio reinforcement schedule, which is tough to extinguish

Question 29

effectiveness of drug education in reducing drug usage rates

Answer 29

by themselves, not effective

Question 30

reasons AA is not considered psychological or medical treatment (2)

Answer 30

(1) not operated by healthcare professionals (2) programs have no interest in improving programs based on research results

Question 31

alternative approach to alcohol abuse besides AA

Answer 31

CBT and controlled drinking approach

Question 32

methadone (3)

Answer 32

(1) agonist drug (2) treats opioid addiction (3) similar to abused drug w/out high to prevent withdrawal

Question 33

naltrexone

Answer 33

(1) antagonist drug (2) blocks dopamine receptors so that other drugs can't create dopamine effects

Question 34

disulfiram (antabuse)

Answer 34

aversive drug used to treat alcoholic abuse

Question 35

disorders from ODD or ECCENTRIC disorders cluster A (3)

Answer 35

(1) schizoid (2) paranoid (3) schizotypal-personality disorder

Question 36

disorders from DRAMATIC, EMOTIONAL, or ERRATIC disorder cluster B (4)

Answer 36

(1) antisocial (2) borderline (3) histrionic (4) narcissistic-personality disorder

Question 37

disorders from ANXIOUS or FEARFUL disorders cluster C (3)

Answer 37

(1) avoidant (2) dependent (3) OCPD

Question 38

characteristics of a healthy self (4)

Answer 38

(1) identity (2) self-direction (3) positive interpersonal relationships (4) intimacy w/ others

Question 39

big five personality traits

Answer 39

openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 40

mild version of schizophrenia

Answer 40

odd-eccentric personality disorder

Question 41

criteria for antisocial personality disorder (7)

Answer 41

(1) failure to observe social norms (2) deceitfulness (3) failure to plan ahead (4) irritability/aggressiveness >> physical fights (5) reckless disregard for others' safety (6) irresponsibility (7) lack of remorse when another is hurt

Question 42

characteristics of psychopath (3)

Answer 42

(1) moral insanity (2) total lack of empathy for others (3) fear of punishment

Question 43

brain of a psychopath

Answer 43

lack of functioning in prefrontal cortex

Question 44

cutting and burning oneself is associated w/ which personality disorder

Answer 44

borderline personality disorder

Question 45

behaviors of histrionic personality disorder (2)

Answer 45

excessively emotional and engage in attention-seeking behaviors

Question 46

major symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (3)

Answer 46

(1) grandiose views of self (2) strong need for admiration (3) lack of empathy for others

Question 47

dependent personality disorder (2)

Answer 47

clingy and submissive

Question 48

avoidant personality disorder (2)

Answer 48

(1) avoidance of activities involving others or activities where they can be criticized (2) close relationships because they feel inferior

Question 49

OCD vs OC-personality disorder

Answer 49

OCD focused on things outside themselves; OCPD focused on controlling one's domain

Question 50

OC-personaltiy disorder and control

Answer 50

controlling things is a way of life, not a behavior

Question 51

(T/F) drug usage is a relatively modern phenomenon, dating back only to the time of the Early Greek City States

Answer 51

FALSE

Question 52

(T/F) hallucinogens tend not to produce dependence or addiction

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

(T/F) those diagnosed w/ 1 personality disorder are likely to be diagnosed w/ another personality disorder + other mental illnesses

Answer 53

TRUE