M5: Schizophrenia

Question 1

relationship b/w schizophrenia and psychotic disorders

Answer 1

schizophrenia is one of many psychotic disorders

Question 2

characteristics of psychotic disorders (2)

Answer 2

(1) out of touch w/ reality (2) possessing abnormal thinking and sensory processes

Question 3

schizophrenia (+) symptoms

Answer 3

symptoms not found in normal people

Question 4

schizophrenia (-) symptoms

Answer 4

absence of normal behaviors

Question 5

common (+) symptoms of schizophrenia (4)

Answer 5

auditory hallucinations + delusions: persecution, grandeur, control

Question 6

common (-) symptoms of schizophrenia (3)

Answer 6

avolition, alogia, anhedonia

Question 7

avolition

Answer 7

severe lack of motivation

Question 8

alogia

Answer 8

inability to speak

Question 9

anhedonia

Answer 9

inability to feel pleasure

Question 10

natural course of schizophrenia (4)

Answer 10

4 phases: (1) premorbid (2) prodromal (3) psychotic (4) stable

Question 11

Kraepelin: “dementia praecox”

Answer 11

premature dementia; refers to schizophrenia

Question 12

DSM subtypes of schizophrenia (5)

Answer 12

paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual

Question 13

schizophrenia is associated with what characteristic?

Answer 13

creativity

Question 14

brain difference found in children who developed schizophrenia prior to puberty (2)

Answer 14

larger ventricles in brain + loss of gray matter

Question 15

differences found in DNA of people w/ schizophrenia

Answer 15

increased deletions and duplications of base sequences

Question 16

neuromotor abnormalities of eyes found in schizophrenics and relatives

Answer 16

schizophrenics follow smooth movements of objects w/ periods of quick jerky movements (appear to be catching up w/ objects)

Question 17

default network of brain in schizophrenics

Answer 17

reduced suppression of default network during cognitive tasks

Question 18

auditory hallucinations appear to involve problems with …

Answer 18

transferring info from left inferior gyrus to Wernicke’s language understanding area

Question 19

evidence that supports dopamine overactivity as causing schizophrenia

Answer 19

(1) drugs that reduce dopamine&raquo_space; ease symptoms (2) stress + amphetamine&raquo_space; raise dopamine&raquo_space; triggers symptoms (3) creativity related to dopamine production

Question 20

schizophrenic symptoms are associated w abnormal activity in what brain region

Answer 20

prefrontal lobes

Question 21

role of glutamate in schizophrenia

Answer 21

un-blocked glutamate receptors influence dopamine

Question 22

Charlie Chaplin Illusion applied to top-down evidence for schizophrenia

Answer 22

schizophrenic people cannot recognize a mask from the back side which suggests they have trouble imposing sensory expectation on a stimulus

Question 23

psychotic symptoms of psychiatry first appear in …

Answer 23

adolescence or early adulthood

Question 24

relationship b/w schizophrenia, smoking, + substance abuse

Answer 24

schizophrenics more likely to be smokers and substance abusers

Question 25

factors that predict poorer outcomes in schizophrenic patients (5)

Answer 25

(1) male (2) early symptoms (3) going w/out treatment for a long time (4) having many cognitive symptoms (5) more (-) than (+) symptoms

Question 26

treating schizophrenics out of the hospital has resulted in ...

Answer 26

a large number becoming homeless

Question 27

chlorpromazine best treats schizophrenics w ...

Answer 27

(+) symptoms

Question 28

tardive dyskinesia (2)

Answer 28

(1) side effect of 1st generation antipsychotics (2) involves involuntary movements, esp. tongue and lip movements

Question 29

major advantage of 2nd generation antipsychotics

Answer 29

work better for bother (+) and (-) symptoms

Question 30

example of maladaptive cognitive appraisals of schizophrenics

Answer 30

"I'm not as good as other people"

Question 31

maladaptive cognitive appraisals lead to ...

Answer 31

nonfunctional behavior (i.e. social withdrawal, reduction of task effort)

Question 32

therapeutic alliance (2)

Answer 32

(1) strong, trusting relationship b/w therapist and client (2) important to est at onset of therapy