Macromolecules Quiz

Question 1

Biological role of carbohydrates

Answer 1

create all structures in the cell and provide energy

Question 2

Biological role of lipids

Answer 2

form membranes, store energy. insulate

Question 3

Biological role of proteins

Answer 3

structural or transport/storage/movement

Question 4

main organic molecules

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 5

Carbon is easy to bond with because

Answer 5

it can make two covalent bonds

Question 6

functional group

Answer 6

groups of atoms that attach to carbon chains for different properties

Question 7

main source of organic compounds for animals

Answer 7

through food digestion, get carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 8

main source of organic compounds for plants

Answer 8

carbon from the atmosphere, nitrogen and phosphorus from soil

Question 9

Chromatography

Answer 9

place solute on paper, place paper in solvent and the reaction makes the solvent move, measured R value based on distance the dot moved/distance the solvent moved

Question 10

DNA bases

Answer 10

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine; adenine only with thymine

Question 11

RNA bases

Answer 11

uracil instead of thymine

Question 12

DNA vs RNA

Answer 12

DNA is a double strand, RNA is single; RNA reads the DNA; two different sugars; DNA is 3 times as big

Question 13

Why bond DNA with hydrogen bonds?

Answer 13

they are easy to break so when DNA is being unzipped to copy, the bonds are easily removed

Question 14

5’ vs 3’ ends of a DNA strand

Answer 14

5’ end in a terminal phosphate group and 3’ with a hydroxide group

Question 15

Amino acid Structure

Answer 15

have an aline group (NH2), a carboxyk group, a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, and then a variable R group that distinguishes them

Question 16

Condensation Reaction

Answer 16

when water is formed as a byproduct of a combination reaction, occurs in formation of nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates

Question 17

Biological roles of amino acids

Answer 17

transfer DNA into real biological traits; neurotransmitters; form proteins

Question 18

DNA to Polypeptide Chains

Answer 18

DNA read by mRNA and amino acids formed by groups of three of the RNA

Question 19

Amino acids as a buffer

Answer 19

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Question 20

Essential amino acids

Answer 20

amino acids that must be eaten to have in the body, essential to proteins

Question 21

How amino acids bond

Answer 21

the hydroxide in the carboxyl group of one joins the NH2 of the other and form water while bonding

Question 22

Protein structures

Answer 22

1. amino acid chain
2. either a helix or a pleated sheet
3. both types of secondary structures combine for a protein with specific properties
4. some proteins need a fourth structure to be complete, not most

Question 23

Denaturation of proteins

Answer 23

happens when bonds are altered; includes strong acids, heavy metals, heat, radiation, detergents/solvents that hydrolize

Question 24

Types of Proteins

Answer 24

Fibrous: water insoluble, parallel polypeptide chains, structural and contractile; Globular Proteins: water soluble, chains folded 3D, enzymes, hormones, antibodies

Question 25

Finalizing a Protein to be functional: Cleaving

Answer 25

some proteins need their chains to be clipped and formed to 3D to be functional

Question 26

Finalizing a Protein to be functional: Glycosylation

Answer 26

adding a carbohydrate to protein which IDs the protein for the cell's use

Question 27

Finalizing a Protein to be functional: Phosphorylation

Answer 27

adding phosphate groups; helps with cell signaling and 3D construction

Question 28

Finalizing a Protein to be functional: Lipid attachment

Answer 28

attaches lipids, anchors protein in the cell membrane

Question 29

Finalizing a Protein to be functional: Degredation

Answer 29

proteins no longer needed are labeled to be degraded

Question 30

Biological function of lipids

Answer 30

used in aerobic respiration for energy; when burned, water is made; insulation for organs and temperature; secreted for water protection

Question 31

Phospholipids

Answer 31

have a polar phosphate head and nonpolar lipid tails; form together to create a membrane when added to water

Question 32

Types of lipids

Answer 32

fats, phospholipids, steroids

Question 33

Neutral fats

Answer 33

glycerol attached to fatty acids; fatty acids are either saturated or unsaturated

Question 34

Saturated va Unsaturated

Answer 34

saturated is all hydrogen atoms on a carbon chain; unsaturated has some gaps so it's less structured; unsaturated is usually liquid because of the lack of structure

Question 35

Isomer

Answer 35

compounds with the same type and number of atoms; structural have different arrangements, optical have mirrored arrangements

Question 36

Monosaccharides

Answer 36

primary energy for cells; includes glucose and fructose

Question 37

Disaccharides

Answer 37

two monosaccharides covalently bonded, used as nutritional elements

Question 38

Colorimetry

Answer 38

sends light through a solution and sees the wavelength that results; measures concentration

Question 39

Polysaccharides

Answer 39

chains (straight or branched) of monosaccharides; cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin; easily soluble and quick access energy storage AND structures

Question 40

Properties of Water

Answer 40

dipolarity, liquid at room temperature, solvent as transportation, a lot of energy required to change temperature , can cool through sweat

Question 41

types of lipids

Answer 41

fats (glycerol and fatty acids), phospholipids, steroids

Question 42

steroids

Answer 42

hormones are made by cholesterol, set in cell membranes