Making Judgments Flashcards
Heuristics
a rule of thumb or mental shortcut, often based on past experience. does a good job most of the time
System #1
impulsive intuitive automatic immediate most heuristics are produced by this system
System #2
analytical controlled consciously monitored rule-governed, serial cognitively demanding
Availability heuristic
judgment of a probability of an event is related to how easily that event can be brought to mind
relies on immediate examples that come to a given person’s mind when evaluating a specific concept
Schwarz et al.
asked subjects to recall examples from their lives in which they were assertive.
6 or 12 examples. 6 example group thought of themselves as more aggressive
Fox
list 2 ways or 10 ways in which the course could be improved.
10 ways to improve leads to higher rating of class
Fluency guiding judgment
if we can encode/process quickly we will remember it well??
we often mistake our sense of fluency for a sense that we have learned something well
Representatives heuristic
people judge probabilities based on the degree that the situation is similar to, or representative of, their stereotypes or knowledge
may lead us to believe that smoking must be okay for your health based on anecdotal evidence
Illusory covariation
people report seeing data associations that seem plausible even when associations are not present
people think you twirl your hair under stress, but no evidence to prove that
Jury damage awards
tend to anchor on the plaintiff’s initial claim
encouraging unreasonably high claims
used car sales
state a high initial price, then quickly offer a discount
