Malay derivatives: prefixes Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
word
A
kata
2
Q
appearance
A
terbitan
3
Q
derivatives
A
kata terbitan
4
Q
appear (from concealment)/publish
A
terbit
5
Q
Noun
A
Kata nama
6
Q
Verb
A
Kata kerja
7
Q
Adjective
A
Kata adjektif
8
Q
word
A
kata
9
Q
name
A
nama
10
Q
work
A
kerja
11
Q
adjective
A
adjektif
12
Q
Affixes
A
imbuhan
13
Q
suffixes
A
akhiran
14
Q
a prefix and suffix
A
apitan
15
Q
an affix that goes in the middle of the word - an insert
A
sisipan
16
Q
What does all the forms of the noun prefix ‘pe-‘ (pe-,pem-, pen-, peng-,penge-,pel-,per-) do?
A
Makes subject of sentence the performer of the verb. e.g. run (lari) becomes runner (pelari) and do (buat) becomes doer (pembuat)
17
Q
Best runner in school
A
pelari terbaik dalam sekolah
18
Q
pelari terbaik dalam sekolah
A
Best runner in school
19
Q
run
A
lari
20
Q
runner
A
‘pe-‘lari - pelari
21
Q
best
A
terbaik
22
Q
You make the best fried chicken
A
Awak buat ayam goreng terbaik
23
Q
Awak buat ayam goreng terbaik
A
You make the best fried chicken
24
Q
inside/in
A
dalam
25
school
sekolah
26
have
ada
27
Do
buat
28
doer
'pem-'buat - pembuat
29
What does the noun prefix 'ke-' do?
Makes the subject of the sentence what the adjective is assigned to. e.g love (kasih) becomes lover (kekasih) and old (tua) becomes elder/leader (ketua).
30
love
kasih
31
lover
'ke-'kasih - kekasi
32
old
tua
33
elder/leader
'ke-'tua - ketua
34
What does the noun prefix 'juru-' do?
Makes the subject of the sentence identified as having a suitable role for the verb they're performing. e.g. fly (terbang) becomes pilot (juruterbang) and money (wang) becomes juruwang (cashier).
(Doesn't apply to all jobs though).
35
fly
terbang
36
pilot
juruterbang
37
money
wang
38
cashier
juruwang
39
soldier
askar
40
driver
pemandu
41
What does the noun prefix 'maha-' do?
Indicates that a subject is grand or of the highest order. e.g. king (raja) becomes supreme ruler (maharaja) and teacher (guru) becomes grand teacher (mahaguru)
42
king
raja
43
supreme ruler
'maha-'raja - maharaja
44
teacher
guru
45
grand teacher
'maha-'guru - mahaguru
46
What does the noun prefix 'tata-' do?
Refers to the rules or system or way of arranging the noun. e.g. language (bahasa) becomes grammar (tatabahasa) and ethics (etika) becomes code of ethics (tataetika).
47
language
bahasa
48
grammar
'tata-'bahasa - tatabahasa
49
ethics
etika
50
code of ethics
tataetika
51
You need better grammar
Awak perlukan tatabahasa lebih baik
52
good
baik
53
You need the best car
Awak perlukan kereta terbaik
54
more
lebih
55
nice
bagus
56
Awak perlukan tatabahasa lebih baik
you need better grammar
57
Awak perlukan kereta terbaik
you need the best car
58
What does the noun prefix 'pra-' do?
Acts like 'pre-' in English. e.g historic to prehistoric and school to preschool.
59
history
sejarah
60
prehistory
'pra-'sejarah - prasejarah
61
school
sekolah
62
preschool
'pra-'sekolah - prasekolah
63
What does the noun prefix 'sub-' do?
Highlights the smaller sections of the noun. Same as English. e.g title (tajuk) becomes subtitle (subtajuk)
So any use of sub in english directly carries over to Malay.
64
title
tajuk
65
subtitle
'sub-'tajuk - subtajuk
66
class
kelas
67
subclass
'sub-'kelas - subkelas
68
What does the noun prefix 'supra-' do?
Shows noun goes beyond its conventional boundaries. Same as English. e.g national (nasional) becomes supranational (supranasional).
So any use of supra in english directly carries over to Malay.
69
national
nasional
70
supranational
'supra-'nasional - supranasional
71
What does the noun prefix 'eka-' do?
Shows noun is in a single form. e.g language (bahasa) becomes monolingual (ekabahasa).
72
language
bahasa
73
monolingual
ekabahasa
74
monolingual dictionary
kamus ekabahasa
75
dictionary
kamus
76
What does the noun prefix 'dwi-' do?
Shows noun is in dual form. e.g language (bahasa) becomes bilingual (dwibahasa)
77
bilingual
'dwi-'bahasa - dwibahasa
78
What do all the forms of the verb prefix 'me-' (me-,mem-,men-,meng-,menge-,memper-) do?
Puts verb in the continuous form. e.g steal (curi) becomes stealing (mencuri)
79
steal
curi
80
stealing
'men-'curi - mencuri
81
dig
gali
82
digging
'meng-'gali - menggali
83
I'm a fast runner
Saya perlari cepat
84
fast
cepat
85
Saya perlari cepat
I'm a fast runner
86
What do all the forms of the verb prefix 'be-' (be-,ber-,bel-) do?
Puts verb in continuous form like what 'me-' does but there are complex differences which aren't explained. e.g. work (kerja) becomes working (bekerja)
87
work
kerja
88
working
bekerja
89
walk
jalan
90
walking
berjalan
91
I'm working quickly
Saya bekerja cepat
92
What does the verb prefix 'ter-' do?
Shows subject is in the state of readiness or that verb was done accidentally. e.g shape (bentuk) becomes shaped (terbentuk) and fall (jatuh) becomes accidentally fall (terjatuh).
93
shape
bentuk
94
shaped
terbentuk
95
arrange
susun
96
arranged
tersusun
97
trim
memangkas
98
mold
acuan
99
molded clay
tanah liat terbentuk
100
clay
tanah liat
101
arranged cards
kad tersusun
102
cards
kad
103
diamond
berlian
104
at
di
105
under
bawah
106
pressure
tekanan
107
that is
yang
108
high
tinggi
109
fall
jatuh
110
accidentally fall
'ter-'jatuh - terjatuh
111
drink
minum
112
accidentally drink
'ter-'minum - terminum
113
That child is crying because they accidentally fell
Kanak-kanak itu menangis kerana dia terjatuh.
114
Kanak-kanak itu menangis kerana dia terjatuh.
That child is crying because they accidentally fell
115
crying
menangis
116
because
kerana
117
he/she/they
dia
118
What do the verb prefixes 'di-' and 'diper-' do?
Form a passive verb (where subject receives verb action) in reference to the third person (he,she,it). e.g arrange (susun) becomes arranged (disusun)
119
wife
isteri
120
became a wife
diperisteri
121
The books are neatly arranged on the book rack
buku-buku itu disunsun dengan rapi di atas rak
122
buku-buku itu disunsun dengan rapi di atas rak
The books are neatly arranged on the book rack
123
books
buku-buku
124
book
buku
125
that
itu
126
with
dengan
127
neat
rapi
128
at
di
129
on
atas
130
rack
rak
131
What do the adjective prefixes 'ter-' and 'te-' do?
Puts adjective in the state of 'the most', and also indicated readiness or accidentally. e.g. beautiful (cantik) becomes most beautiful (tercantik).
132
beautiful
cantik
133
most beautiful
'ter-'cantik - tercantik
134
tall/high
tinggi
135
tallest/highest
'ter-'tinggi - tertinggi
136
clear/distinct
serlah
137
clearest/most distinct
teserlah
138
The most beautiful maiden in the village
gadis tercantik di kampung itu
139
gadis tercantik di kampung itu
The most beautiful maiden in the village
140
maiden
gadis
141
at
di
142
village
kampung
143
nice village
kampung bagus
144
big
besar
145
small
kecil
146
that
itu
147
What does the adjective prefix 'se-' do?
Makes adjective mean equal to. e.g. thick (tebal) becomes as thick as (setebal)
148
thick
tebal
149
as thick as
setebal
150
as beautiful as
secantik
151
The maiden is as beautiful as flower
Gadis itu secantik bunga
152
Gadis itu secantik bunga
The maiden is as beautiful as flower
153
that is
itu
154
flower
bunga
155
This book is as thick as an encyclopedia
Buku ini setebal ensiklopedia
156
Buku ini setebal ensiklopedia
This book is as thick as an encyclopedia
157
this
ini/ni
158
encyclopedia
ensiklopedia
159
All affixes are used for formal Malay and not colloquial Malay.
Colloquial Malay mostly never uses affixes and they can make it sound awkward.
You would use affixes in formal Malay when writing a letter to the government or a company ect.
