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A seg > Malignant Tumors > Flashcards

Malignant Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Melanoma

  • What is it
  • Cause
A

Malignant Tumor of the skin

Proliferation of atypical melanocytes associated with UV exposure

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2
Q

Melanoma
Demographics
Laterality

A

More common in caucasians

Unilateral

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3
Q

Melanoma

Symptoms and signs

A

Symptoms- Asymptomatic, bump on eyelid
Signs- Variable appearance. Flat or slightly raised and discolored, asymmetrical patch with uneven borders.

Asymmetry
Indistinct borders
Various colors 
6mm diameter or larger 
Evolving- change in size or shape. New mole after 40.
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4
Q

Melanoma

Complications

A

Metastasis, strong propensity

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5
Q

Melanoma

Management

A

Surgical excision/biopsy

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6
Q

Least common eyelid malignancy
BUT
Most dangerous eyelid malignancy due to metastasis

A

Melanoma.
Represents 1% of all eyelid tumors.

Accounts for the majority of skin cancer death.

5 Year survival rate is 99% if treated prior to metastasis.
62% if it travels to LN
20% if it travels to organs

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7
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma
What is it
Cause

A

Malignant tumor of the skin

Proliferation of atypical basal epithelial cells. Associated with UV exposure

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8
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Demographics
Laterality

A

Typically develops after age of 50. More common in caucasians.

Unilateral

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9
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Symptoms
Signs

A

Asymptomatic, bump on eyelid.

Variable appearance- pink, shiny, firm, pearly nodule with small overlying blood vessels. Centrally ulcerated with pearly raised edges. Firm, waxy yellow plaque with indistinct borders. Open sore.
ABCDE

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10
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most frequently involves which part of the lid

A

LL > Medial canthus > UL > Lateral canthus

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11
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Complications

A

Orbital extension, metastasis is extremely rare.

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12
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Management

A

Surgical excision and biopsy

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13
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

90% occur on head and neck. 10% of those involve the eyelid.

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14
Q

Most common eyelid cancer. Accounts for __%

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

90%

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15
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • What is it
  • Cause
A

Malignant tumor of the skin.

Proliferation of atypical squamous epithelial cells associated with UV exposure.

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16
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Demographics
Laterality

A

Develops after age 50
More common in caucasians

Unilateral

17
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Symptoms
Signs

A

Symptoms- Asymptomatic, bump on eyelid.

Signs- Variable appearance, scaly red patch. May have crusting or blood margins.
Rough, thickened, or wart like. Raised growth with central depression. Open sore.
ABCDE

18
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma frequently involves which lid

A

LL

19
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Complications
Management

A

Orbital extension, metastasis.

Management- Surgical excision and biopsy.

20
Q

2nd most common skin cancer

2nd most common eyelid cancer

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Accounts for 5-10% of eyelid cancer cases

21
Q

majority of Squamous Cell Carcinomas arise from

A

Actinic Keratosis

Often appear as small, dry, scaly or crusty patches of skin. Feel dry and rough. Painful, itchy, burning.

22
Q

5-10% of Actinic Keratosis transform into

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

23
Q

Variant of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Keratoacanthoma.
Clinically may resemble SCC and BCC.

Rapid growth over a few weeks to months followed by slow regression and even spontaneous resolution in 4-6 months.

24
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma

  • What is it
  • cause
A

Malignant tumor of the sebaceous gland.

Proliferation of atypical epithelial cells lining sebaceous glands.

25
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Demographics
Laterality

A

Typically develops after the age of 50

Unilateral

26
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Symptoms
Signs

A

Asymptomatic, bump on lid

Variable appearance- Discrete hard nodule that may exhibit yellow discoloration due to the presence of lipid. May resemble benign lesions such as a recurrent chalazian, hordeolum, and blepharitis.

Spreads along the conj surface.

27
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma most frequently involves with lid

A

UL

28
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma

Complications and management

A

Orbital Extension, metastasis

Surgical excision and biopsy

29
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma/Meibomian Gland Carcinoma

Represents __% of all eyelid tumors
Overall mortality is __ due to metastasis

A

less than 1%

5-10% mortality

30
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  • What is it
  • Cause
A

Malignant tumor that usually appears on the skin or mucosal surfaces. Skin lesions most often affect the legs and face.

Proliferation of endothelial cells that line lymph or BV in response to capos sarcoma associated herpesvirus.

31
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  • Demographics
  • Laterality
A

4 types defined by the populations that acquire KS- AIDS associated, Mediterranean, African, Transplant related.

Unilateral or bilateral

32
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Symptoms
Signs

A

Symptoms- Asymptomatic, bump or plaque on eyelid.

Signs- Purple, red, or brown nodule or plaque. Can occur on the eyelid or conj.
ABCDE

33
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Management

A

Refer out for treatment.

  • HAART
  • no improvement? Surgical resection.

No cure. Purpose of therapy is directed at improving cosmoses and slowing progression.

34
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma is considered an ____ illness

A

AIDS defining

A seg (33 decks)

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