Managing the interpreting encounter Domain 2 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
What is a protocol?
A
A protocol is a detailed description showing how something is done.
- it is more specific than an ethical principle.
-A series of specific steps
-we try to follow these on our day-to-day work
2
Q
What are the 4 interpreting protocols?
A
- Preamble
- positioning
- Direct speech (first person)
- managing the encounter
3
Q
What is a preamble?
A
A preamble is a short professional introduction which helps us set expectations and guidelines for the encounter.
4
Q
What are some components in a preamble?
A
state who you are, what youll be doing and how youll do it
5
Q
What is our main goal in our positioning
A
Our goal is to promote direct communication between the provider and LEP. It is important we are not in the way of their communication and stand in a place that enables both parties to speak directly to each other.
6
Q
what are some factors to consider when selecting your positioning?
A
- choose a position that is in the background and doesn’t attract attention
- stand where you can hear both parties and they can hear you
-don’t be in the providers way - do not invade the patients visual privacy
7
Q
What is direct communication?
A
It refers to when the LEP and provider address each other directly.
7
Q
What are some other factors to consider when choosing a position?
A
- what is the nature of the session
- how many people are in the room
- the size of the room
- the emotional state of the patient
-if the patient have a contagious disease - If the interpreter should sit or stand
-the medical equipment in the room
-the external noise
-a position that doesn’t enable eye contact
8
Q
Can an interpreter change their position during the session?
A
Yes, if you believe the position you chose isn’t promoting direct communication or isn’t working then quickly switch to a different spot.
9
Q
As soon as you enter a room, what should you look out for when choosing a postion ?
A
- Trying to promote direct communication
-Choose a position where you are not the in the center of both parities (background)
-maintaining your own physical safety and the patient’s visual privacy
-be ready to switch if needed
10
Q
Why should we choose a position that avoids eye contact?
A
- it can affect the direct communication
- it can feel like a tennis match between the parties who are speaking
10
Q
What are some things to do to avoid eye contact with either parties during a session?
A
-looking at your notepad
- watch for peoples facial expressions and body language from peripheral vision
-nod while taking your notes to let others know you are listening
-Do not look at the floor
11
Q
When should be we try to make eye contact with either parties?
A
-When we are doing our preamble and making an intervention because it can help others know that you are speaking for yourself and directly to either parties
12
Q
What is another term for direct speech
A
speaking in the First Person
Ex:” I “
13
Q
Why do we use direct speech?
A
-To focus more on the message
-It takes the interpreter out of the picture/conversation
-Promotes direct communication
- it is more accurate bc it says exactly what the speaker said
-simpler sentence structures
-faster and easier to interpret
-reduces the risk of errors
-sounds more natural
-helps build a relationship between both parties
-it helps promote communicative autonomy
13
Q
What is indirect speech?
A
Speaking in the third person
Ex: “he/she said”
14
Q
Why should we avoid using indirect speech?
A
-It makes communication less direct
-it focuses more on the interpreter
-adds words to indicate who the speaker is
-takes longer to interpret
-is harder to interpret
-more complicated grammar
-can lead to confusing messages
-it makes it more complicated for the listener to understand
- increases the risk or errors
15
Q
What are some exceptions to the direct speech protocol?
A
- when interpreting for elderly patients bc they can be confused
- with young children
-in an emergency situation
-when interpreting for several people
-for certain indigenous languages bc direct speech may be misunderstood
16
Q
If you indirect speech with an elderly patient should you also use it for other parties like the provider?
A
No, although it is used for the patient, direct speech should be used for the provider.
17
Q
Why do we have to manage the flow?
A
-To take control of the situation when you are unable to interpret accurately
-to make sure that you are able to interpret accurately
-to reminding everyone to pause to allow you to interpret
18
Q
What are some instances where we would intervene to manage the flow?
A
-when more than 1 person is speaking
-when a person is speaking to fast
-when your note taking skills are not strong enough to keep up
- when the person speaking is not speaking loud or clear enough for you to understand.
19
Q
Can you interrupt an authority figure like a doctor?
A
-Yes you can
a doctor or patient may forget to allow you time to interpret or do not pause, it is important to intervene and kindly ask them to pause.
20
Q
What are things/signals you can do to interrupt and manage the flow?
A
-raise your hand in a gentle slicing motion
-raise your palm
-raise your hand and make a time out signal or a T shape
-Lean forward and make direct eye contact
-there is no universal signal it is up to just preference
20
Q
What should you do if your signals to manage the flow doesn’t work?
A
-when the speaker pauses to breathe, jump in quick to interpret so they can realize they need to pause in between.
- You can also intervene and make a statement to remind everyone to pause frequently.
21
How should you address yourself when intervening?
-in the third person or clearly indicate that the interpreter is speaking
22
what would you say when intervening to manage the flow of a patient who isn't pausing
-The interpreter would like to remind everyone to pause frequently to allow them to interpret accurately
-Excuse me, as the interpreter/interpreter speaking, could i ask you to.....
-The interpreter request that you pause frequently to....
The main goal is to identify the interpreter is the one speaking
23
How should you act when intervening?
-You must be polite, clear, direct and transparent.
24
Who should you address first when intervening?
-Talk first to the party that you aren't directly speaking to.
For instance if you want the patient to slow down, you must intervene and let the doctor know what you will say to the patient, then address the patient
25
What is the purpose of an interpreter?
Interpreter serve as a bridge for effective communication between speakers of different languages.
26
What are the 3 Modes of interpreting?
1. Consecutive interpreting 2.Simultaneous interpreting
3.Sight translation
27
Are mode different than modalities?
Yes they are!
modes means how they will be delivering their interpretation
modalities is where they will give there interpretation.
28
What are modalities?
Modalities are how the interpreter is present in the encounter
Ex: In person or over the phone
29
How many modalities is there?
There are 3 modalities for how an interpreter is present in an encounter
30
What are the 3 modalities for interpreting?
1. In person interpreting
2. By video interpreting
3. Over the phone interpreting
31
What are Modes of interpreting?
Modes are the ways the interpreter renders messages in the encounter.
31
How many modes of interpreting are there?
There are 3 modes of inteprepreting
32
what is consecutive interpreting?
This is the interpreting mode where interpreter listens to a speaker, takes notes and then delivers the messages in the target language
-Has the highest accuracy of the 3 modes
-It is the preferred mode for medical appointments
33
What are some key factors in consecutive interpreting?
- In this mode one person speaks at a time
- it requires good short term memory skills
-it requires good note taking skills
34
What is simultaneous interpreting?
In this mode the interpreter is giving the message in the target language while the speaker continues in the source language.
35
What are some cons of simultaneous interpreting?
- There is less of an ability to manage the flow
- can't stop for clarification too often
-it can be less accurate
- it is much more difficult
- cannot take too many notes
-it can be very fast
35
What are some key factors in simultaneous interpreting?
-It requires advanced language proficiency
- it requires specialized equipment like a headset & microphone if interpreting for large groups of people
-sometimes it takes place with the interpreter speaking softly next to the listener.
-can take few notes of numbers, proper names, medications, or specific terms that are used a lot during the session
36
When would you use simultaneous interpreting?
- In conferences or at a group presentation
- When communication is not calm or orderly
-In an emergency situation with many doctors or family members speaking
-When interpreting for a patient in a mental health crisis who is confused or speaking without stopping
-when a patient is talking about something traumatic bc we don't want them to have to repeat themselves
-when interpreting for many people who are speaking at once
37
What is sight translation?
-Sight translation involves reading a text in the source language and reading it out loud as if it was written in the target language
-usually takes place with english language patient educational material, questionnaries and administrative forms
-Language and vocabulary can vary a lot depending on the type of document
38
What are key factors of sight translation?
-need to be able to quickly skim the document & understand it.
- need good reading skills
-Read document out loud in a natural way
-need to read ahead and flip around sentences to sound more natural
39
Can an interpreter refuse to perform sight translation?
Yes according to NCIHC standards of practice, we can refuse if sight translation is beyond our skill level.
-When refusing, it is important to come up with another solution
40
What is the best thing to do if you are unable to sight translate?
-Always offer another solution if unable to sight translate like politely informing the provider that they should explain the document verbally and you'll interpret what they said.
41
What is one type of forms we cannot sight translate?
- we are unable to sight translate consent forms
- if asked, politely ask them to read it out loud and you'll interpret.
-if the patient would like you to interpret any part of the form, you may do so.
41
Which of the 3 modes of interpreting makes the appointment take much longer?
Sight translation bc it can take long to reformulate and interpret a form or if having to help fill out a form can take some time
42
What equipment do you need for each mode?
-note pad & dictionary for consecutive
- Headset & microphone for simultaneous
- Dictionary & writing utensil for sight translation
43
Why is note taking important?
-it helps support our short term memory
-it helps us remember important things like names, meds, etc.
44
Which mode requires more advanced language skills?
Simultaneous bc you need to be able to interpret while listening and can't take many notes or pauses
45
Which mode requires more advanced reading skills?
Sight translation bc we need to read a document b4 we sight translate
46
Where can each mode be used?
- In a medical setting (consecutive)
-In court & medical setting, emergency situations, in educational classes (Simultaneous)
- In any setting that involves reading or filling out forms (Sight translation)
47
What is the 1st protocol an interpreter should make in every session?
A preamble is protocol #1.
48
What is a preamble?
- A short introduction the establishes the basic guidelines of the interpreting encounter and increases the probability of everything going smoothly
- The preamble decreases the risk of an interpreter having to make many interventions.
49
What does your preamble usually state?
- it states who you are
- what you do
-how you will do it
50
Why is it important to make a preamble?
- it helps build a professional rapport and trust
- it creates understanding about your role
51
How should you sound in your preamble?
How long should it be?
-It should be brief, clear and concise
- it should not last more than 30 seconds in each language
- You should smile, make eye contact and use a warm voice.
52
What information should a preamble for a patient (Spanish) include?
- Confidentiality- remind the patient everything said will not be shared to other that aren't directly involved
- "I"- use the first person/ let them know to talk directly to the doctor
- Flow- Remind them to pause
-E- Remind them that Everything said will be interpreted
-Include your first name
- Always use the "Usted" form when talking to patients
53
What does CIFE mean?
-Confidentiality
- "I"- use the first person
- Flow -Manage the flow of session
-E-Everything said will be interpreted
54
What information should a preamble for the provider (English) include?
- State your name/What your role is
- Use the 1st person/ remind them to speak directly to the patient
-control the flow- remind them to pause frequently
-Remind them that everything said will be interpreter
55
When should we do our preambles
- we always do the before the session begins.
-we can do them as soon as we meet with the patient or doctor.
56
What are the key factors you should state if you're unable to do a full preambl e
- state your name
- state you are the interpreter
-let them know that everything stated will be interpreted
-For the patient's preamble remind them that everything will remain confidential.
57
Should you continue to do your full preamble when interpreting for the same people many times?
- You can or you can just state some of the most important parts
- you must always at least state your name and that you are the interpreter
- use your best judgement to determine if you should or shouldn't
58
What is your preamble for the patient?
Hola soy Luz, su interprete. Todo dicho sera confidencial, porfavor comuniquese directamenta al medico y pause frecuentemente cualquier pregunta o duda, hagasela al medico, yo voy a interpretar todo lo que usted diga.
59
What is your preamble for the provider?
Hello I am Luz, the interpreter. please speak directly to the patient and pause frequently, for accuracy reasons I will be interpreting everything you say.
60
What is another term for sight translation?
Oral translation
61
Why do we use sight translation?
- The reason we perform sight translation is to give an LEP person access to information that is only available in a written english format.
62
What does LEP mean
Limited english proficency
63
What are things you should look out for to determine if a document is good to sight translate?
-How long is the document?
-How complicated is it?
-Who is giving you the document, can they explain what is says verbally?
-Is there a Spanish version of this document?
64
What types of documents should you avoid sight translating?
- Documents that are too long, complicated or any legal documents like consent forms.
65
What types of document are we usually asked to sight translate?
1.Institutional forms, Which provide general information about how an institution functions.
Ex: questionnaires, health history forms, appt policies, etc.
2. Patient educational material, which provide information about a particular condition, procedure, or treatment.
Ex: pre -op, discharge, and follow up instructions or usage of prescription medicines
3. Legal documents, such as legal or financial agreements, consent forms, living wills, etc.
66
What can occur if we agree to sight translate a document that it too legal, complicated, or long?
- It can be very hard
-our accuracy might not be on point
- it can take to long to sight translate a document
-the patient may not understand what was said, which can affect their access to proper care.
67
What is the first thing you should do when being asked to sight translate?
- the first step is to scan the document and determine if it is or isn't appropriate to sight translate
67
67
What does the CALL method stand for/mean ?
-Complex- does the document describe a complicated idea or process
-Advanced- is it written in advanced language like high register terms or complicated structure
-Legal - is this document supposed to be signed by the patient or doctor? is it consent for surgery?
-Long- is longer than one page? is there enough time to review or sight translate during the session?
68
What is a great method to help determine if a document is appropriate to sight translate?
The C.A.L.L. method which asks if the document is to:
-Complex
-Advanced
-Legal
-Long
69
what are the step to asses if a document is ok to sight translate once asked by a provider?
-1st check if it passes the CALL check
- if it did not pass the CALL check, decline to sight translate and suggest an alternative
-2nd Review/Read the document
-3rd ensure you are ready to interpret and that the setting is appropriate
-4th perform sight translation once ur ready
70
What are some alternatives when the document does not pass the CALL assessment ?
Politely refuse the request to sight translate and suggest an alternative
Ex:
-Ask the provider explain it and you interpret what they said
- Ask if the document is available in the LEP person's language for them to read it directly or you can read it to them if asked.
71
What is transparency ?
-When the interpeter keeps all parties fully informed of what is happening, who is speaking and what the interpreter is doing
71
What should you say when deny sight translating a document?
"Would it be possible for you to explain the document to the patient and I interpret your explanation"
- "since this document is too long, could you to explain the document to the patient and I interpret your explanation"
- "I am unable to sight translate consent forms, if you explain the consent, i would happily interpret it".
72
What is informed consent?
-informed consent requires the provider to have a discussion with the patient to explain the details of the procedure, the risks, the benefits and the alternatives
- A patient has the right to ask questions prior to signing
73
What are some alternatives to sight translating a consent form?
-politely refuse and offer these alternatives:
-explaining it and you interpret what they said
-ask if they have a version of the document in the language the patient speaks. you can read it out to them if they request it
73
Does an interpreter have to sign a consent form?
Sometimes if requested just to document that an interpreter was present for the informed content process
74
Does the provider have to be present while you sight translate a consent form?
Yes, they must be present during the process so they can answer any questions the patient may have
-if there is no line for the interpreter to sign you can put your name, signature, title and date at the bottom of the form
Ex:
Luz martinez [signature], Spanish interpreter, [Date].
75
Must an interpreter sign a consent form as a witness?
NO, We must never sign as a witness because that needs to be another party not involved in the discussion like another nurse or doctor.
76
What is simultaneous interpreting?
It means delivering your interpretation at the same time as the speaker gives the message.
-while staying a few moments behind them
- it is used in healthcare settings
-it is Not our default mode of healthcare interpreting
-
77
What are some examples of using simultaneous interpreting
- an elderly woman who is speaking rapidly and is confused
-A patient telling a very emotionally difficult story
- A family discussing end of life care for a family member
-A 16 yr old boy who speaks english is discussing with the doctor while his parents only speak Spanish
-A spanish speaking patient attending an English educational class on how to manage diabetes .
78
Why would an interpreter would use or switch to simultaneous mode?
- When the interpreter cannot control or modify the speaker's pace
- When it is the more accurate of the two modes.
79
When is simultaneous interpreting appropriate?
-When a patient is in an emotional state bc repeating or interrupting can distress them.
-with elderly people with issues like dementia
-with people experiencing a mental health crisis
-when recounting a traumatic experience
-when the patient is dysfluent (having difficulty speaking) or taking really fast
-In emergency situations where many people go in and out
-in group or family therapy situations
- in patient education classes with mixed languages
80
What are the 6 things you are doing while simultaneously interpreting?
1. Listening to the speaker
2. understanding what is said
3. Abstracting (chunking) - going from words to ideas
4. reformulating putting the ideas into the target language
5. delivering the message in TL
6. Monitoring for errors
81
Why do we try to stay 1 or 2 chunks behind the speaker when simultaneously interpreting?
We do this to because we do not know what they may say next and we do not want to get too far behind or we can miss lots of info
81
What does decalage mean?
It refers to the delay or lag time between the speakers utterance and the interpreters interpretation.
- it is measured in chunks not time
- we try to stay 1 or 2 chunks behind the speaker
82
What happens if we are simultaneously interpreting to close to the speaker?
- we may something wrong
-we may add something in
- we won't sound as natural
-we will be interpreting word for word, which is not good.
-we won't understand the context of the message.
83
What happens if we are simultaneously interpreting too far from the speaker?
-we may get too far behind
-we may miss or have to drop some information
-our pace will be more rushed
-our interpretation may not be as accurate
84
What are some things a skilled interpreter does during simultaneous interpreting?
-They are accurate
-They maintain appropriate decalage
-They carry a steady pace
-They match the tone and register of the speaker
-They use natural pauses and intonation
-They utilize the correct terms
-They go idea by idea
-The sentences sound natural in the target language
-They interpret all the way to the end of each sentence, before beginning the next sentence.
-They notice their own error and correct them
85
What are some ways to practice simultaneous interpreting?
-practice shadowing, without paraphrasing
-Shadowing while writing numbers 0-100 then 100-0.
-many other ways to practice simultaneous skill is on the packet
85
What are some things a non-skilled interpreter does during simultaneous interpreting?
-They omit, add or distort information
-They jump in too soon
-They change pace from slowly to fast and vice versa
-speaks rushed, anxiously, or monotone.
-Doesn't pause or intonation
-Is not familiar with specific terms
-They interpret word for word or too literally
-The sentences sound awkward in the target language
-they drop some information and jump into a new sentence
-They don't notice or correct their own errors.
86
what is communicative autonomy?
The ability of each party in an encounter to be responsible and in control of their own communication
87
What is HIPAA?
-a federal law that is made to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patients consent or knowledge.
