1 Flashcards by Luz Martinez

primary function is to filter your blood. They also remove waste and balance your body’s fluids

Kidneys/riñones

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A small, fingerlike pouch that is attached to the end of the colon (large intestine).

Appendix/ apendice

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A small gland that sits on top of the kidney that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline.

Adrenal glands
Las glandulas suprerenales

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A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body.

Arteries
Las arterias

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A hollow, stretchy organ in the lower part of your abdomen that stores urine before it leaves your body.

Bladder
La vejiga

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A specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Blood
Sangre

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channels that carry blood throughout your body.

Blood vessels
Los Basos sanguinos

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the soft and spongy tissue that is in the centers of bones.

Bone marrow
La medula osea

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the two large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs.

Brochi
bronquio

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A strong and flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones.

Cartilage
El cartilago

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A small organ that stores and releases bile. Bile is the fluid your liver produces that helps digest fats in the food you eat.

Gallbladder
La vesicula biliar

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The area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Hypothalamus
El hipotalamo

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cleans blood and produces bile for digestion.

Liver
Hígado

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Are small lumps of tissue that contain white blood cells, which fight infection.

Lymph nodes
Los ganglios linfaticos

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Are female sex cell

Ovum

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plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

Pancreas
El pancreas

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They produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of blood calcium levels.

Parathyroid glands

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It lies deep inside the head. It’s often called the “master gland” because it controls many of the things other glands do.

Pituitary gland

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A small gland in men that helps make semen.

Prostate

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the part of your large intestine that lies between your colon and your anus

Rectum

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transport oxygen to your body’s tissues.

Red blood cells

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The organs that are involved in breathing.

Respiratory tracks

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consists of muscles and tendons that hold your shoulder in place.

Rotator cuff

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A gland in the mouth that produces saliva.

Salivary gland

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air-filled spaces in the skull.

Sinuses

filters the blood to help destroy microorganisms and get rid of old or damaged red blood cells. It also makes lymphocytes (white blood cells) and stores blood cells.

Spleen El vaso

A small gland in the lymphatic system. It makes special white blood cells.

Thymus El timo

A gland that regulates important bodily functions like metabolism and temperature.

Thyroid

two round, fleshy masses in the back of your throat. Part of your immune system, they are like lymph nodes.

Tonsils Las amigdalas

the tube connecting your voice box to your bronchi

Trachea

A hollow tube that lets urine leave your body.

Urethra

An organ of the female reproductive system where a fetus grows and develops.

Uterus

Are blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart.

Veins

part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases.

White blood cells

is the study of the endocrine system in the human body

Endocrinology

A doctor that treats diseases related to problems with hormones.

Endocrinologist

are doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating infertility.

Reproductive endocrinologist

are trained to teach people about healthy eating.

Dietitians

Someone that can help you with exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar.

Diabetes educator

a network of glands in your body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other. They’re responsible for almost every cell, organ, and function in your body.

Endocrine system

A gland that releases hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body.

Endocrine glands

Are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

Hormones

The state of balance within all physical systems needed for a body to function properly and survive

Homeostasis

A substance made and released by a living thing, like when your skin sweats.

Secretion

The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy.

Metabolism

Are conditions that affect any aspect of metabolism. Diabetes is an example of this condition

Metabolic disorders

The physical changes that occur during puberty.

Sexual development

Causes chemical changes in the body that can raise blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels.

Stress

A small but crucial part of the brain. It controls functions such as sleep and growth.

Hypothalamus

A hormone produced by the pituitary to stimulate your thyroid.

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary that regulates growth and metabolism.

Human growth hormone

Is situated in the middle of the human brain and is the major site of the body’s melatonin production.

The pineal gland

A hormone made by the pineal gland. It regulates night and day cycles or sleep-wake cycles.

Melatonin

Is made by the thyroid, and controls how much energy your body uses.

Thyroxine

A small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck under your skin.

Thyroid

a test that uses sound waves to create real-time pictures or video of soft tissues inside your body.

Ultrasound

happens when a woman’s ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)

is situated in the middle of the human brain and is the major site of the body’s melatonin production.

Pineal gland

when cells in your muscles, fat, and liver don’t respond well to insulin and can’t easily take up glucose from your blood

insulin resistance

A hormone that releases to control calcium levels in your blood

parathyroid hormone

is a small, pea-sized gland. That acts as the body’s ‘master gland’. It tells other glands in your body what to do.

pituitary gland

A hormone produced by the pituitary to stimulate your thyroid.

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A hormone produced by the pituitary that regulates growth and metabolism.

human growth hormone (HGH)

A gland that regulates calcium, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck.

parathyroid

A hormone your parathyroid glands release to control calcium levels in your blood

parathyroid hormone

A hormone your adrenal glands make to help you prepare for stressful or dangerous situations.

adrenaline epinephrine

Made by the adrenal glands, it helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney.

aldosterone

helps to maintain blood pressure, immune function and the body’s anti-inflammatory processes.

cortisol

A hormone that your pancreas makes to help your body turn food into energy and manage your blood sugar levels.

insulin

is a hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels

glucagon

The main hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone, an androgenic hormone.

testicles

is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males.

Testosterone

are the hormones that give men their ‘male’ characteristics.

androgens

make estrogen and progesterone.

ovaries

It’s involved in pregnancy and is produced mainly in the ovaries

progesterone

are a group of hormones that play an important role in the normal sexual and reproductive development in women.

estrogen

is overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in a rapid heartbeat and an increased rate of metabolism.

hyperthyroidism

is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs.

hypothyroidism

is a disorder in which 1 or more of the parathyroid glands in your neck produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH)

hyperparathyroidism

is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands in the neck do not produce enough parathyroid hormone.

hypoparathyroidism

a chronic condition in which your adrenal glands don’t produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

Addison’s disease

is abnormal growth due to an excess of growth hormone during childhood.

gigantism

conditions of short stature refers to a group of conditions characterised by shorter than normal skeletal growth. Achondroplasia is a common form of short-limbed dwarfism.

dwarfism achondroplasia

is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range

hypoglycemia

happens when there’s too much sugar (glucose) in your blood. It’s also called high blood sugar or high blood glucose.

hyperglycemia

is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high.

diabetes mellitus

your pancreas doesn’t make insulin or makes very little insulin

type 1 diabetes

cells don’t respond normally to insulin; this is called insulin resistance.

type 2 diabetes

blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

prediabetes

diabetes diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy.

gestational diabetes

are benign (noncancerous) tumors. Without treatment, some adenomas may lead to cancer.

adenoma

may be an overall enlargement of the thyroid, or it may be the result of irregular cell growth that forms one or more lumps (nodules) in the thyroid.

goiter

is a reliable method for measuring hormones produced naturally by the body.

serum test

is a test that examines the visual, chemical and microscopic aspects of your urine (pee).

urine test

is a lab test to check how your body moves sugar from the blood into tissues like muscle and fat.

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

therapy that treats symptoms of menopause like hot flashes and vaginal dryness by replacing lost hormones.

hormone replacement therapy

measures the amount of radioactive iodine (taken by mouth) that accumulates in the thyroid gland.

radioactive iodine uptake test

a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months.

hemoglobin A1C

can help find problems that can lead to serious infection and amputation (surgery to remove all or part of your foot) if they’re not found and treated early.

diabetic foot exam

combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around your body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside your body.

CT scan

is done to test for nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy), which may be caused by conditions such as diabetes.

foot sensitvity test

TST

thyroid function test

GTT

glucose tolerance test

HGH

human growth hormone

PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome