Mar 20 neuroses Flashcards
(12 cards)
Dissociative Disorders
Multiple Personality Disorder (): (2 things)
Causes:
Often linked to:
Multiple Personality Disorder (very rare):
* Two+ identities or personalities in one person
* Each identity has its own traits/behaviors, and may have memory gaps
Causes:
* Shifts in identity, behavior, and consciousness
Often linked to:
* Trauma/abuse during childhood, leading to dissociation
Mood Disorders
Depression
Characterized by (Low Mood, Low life): (6 things)
Gender difference:
Why more common in women? (3 things)
Depression:
Characterized by (“Low Mood, Low Life”):
* Low Mood – Persistent sadness
* Low Interest – No joy in things once enjoyed
* Low Energy – Always tired
* Low Appetite/Sleep – Changes in weight or sleep patterns (vegetative symptoms)
* Low Focus – Trouble concentrating
* Low Will to Live – Suicidal thoughts
Gender Difference:
* 20% in women; 10% in men
Why more common in women?
* Report more – Women are more likely to talk about symptoms; men may show it differently.
* More trauma – Women often face more early life trauma.
* Think more – Women tend to overthink (rumination) and may suppress their own needs (silencing the self).
Mood Disorders (Name 2)
Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD)
Theories of Depression
(Name 3)
- Biological predisposition
- Cognitive perspective
- Diathesis-stress models
Theories of Depression
Biological predisposition: (2 things)
G × E model:
Theories of Depression
Biological predisposition:
* Genetics play a role – higher concordance in twins
* Identical twins: 65% Fraternal twins: 15%
G × E model:
* Interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors
Bipolar Disorders
Definition:
Mania (HIGH UP):
Prevalence rates: (2 things)
Bipolar Disorders
Definition:
Mood swings between lows (depression) and highs (mania)
Mania (HIGH UP):
* High mood (euphoric or irritable)
* Inflated self-esteem (overconfidence)
* Go-go-go! (talks fast, racing thoughts)
* Has little sleep but still energetic
* Uncontrollable activity (overactive, restless)
* Poor judgment (impulsive, risky behavior)
Prevalence rates:
* 1% in men and women
* Strong genetic component
Suicide - University students:
Suicidal thoughts:
Suicide attempt:
Suicide - University students:
* 2nd leading cause of death among 15-24 year-olds
Suicidal thoughts:
* 40-50% have had suicidal thoughts
Suicide attempt:
* 15% attempt suicide
Suicide Major Risk Factors (SAD LIFE):
Acronoym: SAD LIFE
Major Risk Factors for Suicide:
- S – Stress or major loss (e.g. breakup, death, job loss)
- A – Alcohol or drug abuse
- D – Depression or other mental illness
- L – Loner (withdrawal from friends/family)
- I – Impulsivity (risky behavior, poor judgment)
- F – Feelings of failure (shame, rejection, humiliation)
- E – Expressing intent (talking about suicide or making a plan)
Suicide – How to Help (TALK)
Suicide – How to Help (TALK):
T – Talk openly about suicidal thoughts
* Create a safe space to express feelings
A – Ask about unmet needs
* Are they lacking love, respect, or connection?
L – Lift their perspective
* Remind them: “This too shall pass”
* Encourage hope and patience
K – Keep them connected to help
* Support them in getting professional treatment
Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD):
Treatment: (2 things)
Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD)
* Depressive symptoms related to shorter winter days
Treatment:
* Treatable with CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
* Light therapy
Cognitive perspective
Beck:
Seligman’s Attribution Theory:
Cognitive perspective
Beck:
* Negative (dysfunctional) beliefs abut the self
Seligman’s Attribution Theory:
* Internal, stable, global attributions for negative events
Diathesis-stress models:
Vulnerabilities include: (2 things)
Diathesis-stress model:
* Depression results from the interaction of personality traits and stressful life events
Vulnerabilities include:
* Dependency (over-reliance on others) and Self-criticism (harsh self-evaluation)
