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Caleb's Step 1 > March 14 > Flashcards

March 14 Flashcards

1
Q

myoglobin

A

causes kidney injury in the setting of rhabdomyolysis

CK is a marker of rhabdo

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2
Q

Vitamin E Deficiency

A

posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

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3
Q

anticoag that causes thrombocytopenia

A

heparin (can be used in PE)

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4
Q

staghorn canaliculus

A

struvite stone aka ammonium magnesium phosphate

radio-opaque

caused by urease positive bugs: proteus, klebsiella, staph saprophyticus

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5
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A

autoantibodies against desmosomglian (component of desmosomes)

epidermal acantholysis resulting in flaccid intraepidermal bulla

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6
Q

hypochromic RBCs

A

iron deficiency due to GI blood loss

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7
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

A

rectum motility
internal urethral sphincter
erections

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8
Q

‘beads on a string’ appearance of artery

A

fibromuscular dysplasia
polyarteritis nodosa
primary hypertension

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9
Q

results of portal HTN (like in alcoholics)

A

caput medusae

esophageal varicies

anal-rectal varicies (hemmorhoids)

spider angioma

gynecomastia

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10
Q

Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

acid fast bacillus

likes cool temperatures

glove and stocking loss of sensation

tx: dapsone, rifampin clofazimine

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11
Q

TNF-alpha

A

fever and hypotension (vascular leak), WBC recruitment

cachexia in malignancy

secreted by macrophages in response to Lipid A of endotoxin

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12
Q

Physical Exam findings of pleural effusion

A

decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
decreased tactile fremitus

fluid between the pleural layers

tx: thoracentesis

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13
Q

pneumothorax

A

decreased tactile fremitus
hyper resonance
diminished breath sounds

trachea deviates away

air in the pleural space

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14
Q

hCG causes gynecomastia by

A

binding to testicle and causing estradiol production

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15
Q

LH stimulates

A

Leydig cells to produce testosterone

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16
Q

FSH stimulates

A

sertoli cells for spermatogenesis

secrete androgen binding protein and MIF

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17
Q

Development at 10 months

A

pincer grasp
pull to stand
object permanence (9mo)

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18
Q

myxoma

A

left atria

multiple syncopal episodes
throw clots

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19
Q

Porphyria cutanea tarda

A

defective heme synthesis

photosensitivity –> blisters

most common porphyria

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20
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

A

liver, kidney and intestinal epithelium

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21
Q

Loratadine

A

second gen antihistamine (H1 blocker)

for allergies, less sedation (decreased CNA penetration)

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22
Q

H2 blockers

A 
Cimetidine (inhibitor CYP)
also ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine, nizatidine

H2 block for decreased H+ secretion

peptic ulcer disease

23
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A

occur at 4th week
increased AFP and AChE in amniotic fluid

associated with low Folate intake

24
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

problem forming triple helix of COLLAGEN -

most common form due to decreased production of normal collagen

25
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18) impaired migration and chemotaxis umbilical cord doesnt seperate for 30 days persistent leukocytosis without infection COLD abscesses (no inflammation nor pus formation)
26
Molluscum contagiosum
Poxvirus (dsDNA linear and enveloped) flesh colored papules, transferred by fomites
27
ARD of Ibutilide
Torsades de pointes Class III antiarrhythmic - increase QT, prolonged phase 3 tx: atrial fibrillation
28
1-3 Days post MI
fibrinous pericarditis (pericardial rub) coagulative necrosis inflammation with neutrophils
29
3-14 Days post MI
Free wall rupture --> tamponade papillary muscle rupture --> mitral regurg pseudoaneurysm macrophages then granulation tissue at margins
30
Complication of cocaine abuse
dissecting aneurysm (--> aortic valve insufficiency --> diastolic murmur)
31
cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agent for solid tumors and leukemias/lymphomas inhibits DNA replication ARD: hemorrhagic cystitis - give mesna
32
cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor blocks T-cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription ``` tx: transplant rejection P - psoriasis A - ankylosing spondylitis I - IBD R - rheumatoid and reactive arthritis ``` Nephrotoxic
33
Rosacea
@FACE: erythematous papules and pustules facial flushing with alcohol or heat
34
Pityriasis rosea
christmas tree distribution on trunk
35
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Autosomal Dominant multiple GI hamartomas hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitals increased breast and GI cancers
36
Turcot Syndrome
FAP + malignant CNS tumor Turcot = Turban (not chill)
37
Gardner Syndrome
FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors too many teeth (possibly impacted)
38
EBV associated cancers
nasopharyngeal carcinoma Burkitt lymphoma infects B-cells via CD21
39
Right MLF Lesion
affects right eye - inability to track and affected eye gets nystagmus MS patients
40
C5-C9 deficiency
recurrent systemic Neisseria bacteremia inability to assemble MAC complex, which protects against gram negative bugs
41
Winter Formula
1.5(HCO3) +/- 8 = Predicted PCo2 ) (+/-2) if observed is in range of predicted, then its a pure metabolic derangement if measured is greater than predicted then there is respiratory acidosis if measured is less than predicted its respiratory alkalosis
42
Haemophilus influenza type B vaccine
given at 2 months converts T-independent antigens to T-dependent forms = Conjugate Vaccine conjugated to diptheria toxin
43
NA<120
SIADH urine osmol >>>> plasma Na way down
44
Schizoid
distant voluntary social withdrawal constricted affect 'recluse'
45
Avoidant
desire relationships but scared of rejection
46
Antisocial
sociopath don't play by societal norms
47
sulfasalazine
treatment for colitits - combo antibacterial antiinflammatory for UC and Crohns colitis
48
Heparin
potentiates antithrombin III ARD = thrombocytopenia monitoring = PTT
49
CYP inhibitors
CRACK AMIGOS in GQ Cimitidine Ritonavir (protease inhibitor) Amiodarone (Class III) Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone - DNA gyrase Ketaconazole (and other azoles - inhibit ergosterol synth) ``` Acute Alcohol #inhibitions Macrolides Isoniazid Grapefruit Juice Omeprazole Sulfonamides ``` Gemfibrizil Quinidine
50
CYP Inducers
Bull Shit CRAP GPS ``` Barbituates St. J wort Carbamazipine Rifampin Alcohol Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitol Sulfonylurea ```
51
IBD treatment
TNF-alpha antibodies infliximab adalimumab
52
Sarcoidosis
African American Females ``` non-caseating granuloma bilateral hilar adenopathy increased ACE in serum increased CD4:CD8 increased 1-alpha-hydroxylase --> increased 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol --> increased calcium ``` tx: steroids
53
enterococcus faecalis/fecium
non-hemolytic catalase negative gram positive cocci in pairs and chains grows in 6.5% NaCl grows in Bile often vanc resistant endocarditis, UTI, biliary tree infection tx: linezolid

Caleb's Step 1 (16 decks)

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