Mashing Enzymes Flashcards
(10 cards)
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that increase the rates of specific chemical reactions
Enzymes reduce the energy required for reactions to occur and form complexes with substrates before reactions happen.
How do enzymes facilitate chemical reactions?
By reducing the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur
This is achieved by positioning substrates in an orientation that favors the reaction.
What is the lock and key model in relation to enzymes?
It illustrates the specific fit between an enzyme and its substrate
This model emphasizes that specific enzymes only work on specific substrates.
What factors can affect the shape of enzymes?
- High temperatures
- Excessively high or low pH
- Absence of cofactors
Changes in shape can reduce the enzyme’s effectiveness.
What is denaturation in the context of enzymes?
The permanent change in the chemical structure of an enzyme that prevents it from catalyzing reactions
This occurs above a certain temperature or beyond a specific pH range.
What are cofactors and why are they important for enzymes?
Cofactors are typically metal ions needed for enzyme operation
For example, ɑ-amylase requires calcium ions to function.
What are coenzymes?
Organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions
They are distinct from cofactors, which are usually metal ions.
What are the four classes of mashing enzymes found in barley?
- Hydrolysis of starch
- Hydrolysis of proteins
- Hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides
- Hydrolysis and oxidation of lipid compounds and fatty acids
Each class is responsible for breaking down different compounds during mashing.
What does hydrolysis mean?
The breaking of a bond with the addition of water
The term derives from the Greek words ‘hydro’ (water) and ‘lysis’ (to loosen or unbind).
What is the key to optimizing enzyme activity in the mashing vessel?
Controlling temperature and pH to be optimal for enzyme operation
Proper conditions enhance enzyme effectiveness during the mashing process.
