Starch Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the chemical formula for starch?
(C6H10O5)n
What does ‘n’ represent in the starch chemical formula?
The number of glucose making up the starch molecule
What is a saccharide?
A word for a sugar
What are monosaccharides?
Single sugar molecules
What are the terms for two, three, and many sugar molecules?
Di- (two), tri- (three), polysaccharides (many)
Define polysaccharides.
Polymers composed of many sugar molecules
What does the suffix ‘ose’ indicate?
Means sugar
What are pentoses?
Five-carbon sugars
What are hexoses?
Six-carbon sugars
What is a glucan?
A polymer formed from monomers of glucose
What does the prefix ‘gly’ refer to?
Glucose
What are oligosaccharides?
Small polysaccharides containing between three and ten monomers
What are the two forms of starch?
Amylose and amylopectin
What is the typical amylopectin:amylose ratio in cereals?
75:25
What are dextrins?
Smaller polysaccharides formed from the breakdown or assembly of larger polysaccharides
True or False: Starch in nature exists separately as amylose and amylopectin.
False
What are amyloplasts?
Large and small granules where starch exists in cereals
What are the structural forms of starch granules?
Amorphous, semicrystalline, and crystalline areas
Fill in the blank: The term for sugars, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides formed from the breakdown of larger polysaccharides is _______.
Dextrins
