Mast Cell tumors Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Mast Cell tumors Deck (27)
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1
Q

General

A

MOST COMMON cutaneous tumor of dogs

2nd Most common of cats (1st - basal cell tumor)

2
Q

Systemic form of mast cell tumor?

A

Mastocytosis

3
Q

Signalment - Dogs

A

8-9yrs
The Bs: boxer, bull terrier, bostons, bulldog :)
Pugs - multiple benign
Shar pei - more aggressive

4
Q

Signalment - Cat

A

8-9 yrs

Siamese

5
Q

Cutaneous location

A

Anywhere a mast cell is.
Trunk> extremities > head and neck
Cats - head and neck
Tend to be solitary

6
Q

The great imitator

A

can look like any tumor

Lipoma - ill defined, soft, edematous

7
Q

Pathophysiology

A

comprised of cytoplasmic granules w/ bioactive substances

8
Q

Bioactive substance examples

A
  • vasoactive substance (histamine, prostaglandins)
  • heparin-proteoglycan matrix
  • chemotactic
  • proteolytic
  • serotonin
9
Q

Dariers sign

A

disturbed mast cell -> degranulation -> erythema, swelling, anaphylaxis, hypotension :(

10
Q

Effects of degranulations

A

GI ulcers
Delayed wound healing
Hypotension
Local hemorrhage

11
Q

Controlling degranualtion

A
H1 antagonists (diphenhydramine)
Warn about delayed healing
12
Q

Work up and staging

A
MDB and Regional lnn aspirates
Thoracic met evaluation
Abdominal US
Bone marrow aspiration
Classification system
13
Q

MDB and Regional lnn aspirates

A

only thing required if no neg prognostic factors and amenable to wide excision

14
Q

Thoracic mets evaluation

A

MCT don’t met to lungs.

observe lnn but not very specific

15
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A
low yield unless 
Visceral MCT (rare) - BM involved 50% of the time
16
Q

Classification system

A

stage 0-4
Substage
A - no systemic signs
B systemic illness

17
Q

Histological classification Cats

A

Mastocytic (more common)
- compact (common), act benign. sx curative
- diffuse - aggressive
Histiocytic
- can spontaneously regress, young siamese

18
Q

Histological classification dog

A

Patnik 3 tier system :/
Kiupel 2 tier system :)
-based on FNA

19
Q

Treatment - localized skin tumor

A

wide excision: 2-3cm w/ fascial plane

adjunct chemo for high grade

20
Q

Treatment - localized, non-resectable

A

RT alone - 1yr
Chemo to down stage then sx!
chemo alone - short lived

21
Q

Treatment - unsuccessful excision

A
  • Scar reversion!!
  • Surveillance (only 20-30% reoccur)
  • RT
  • Chemo
22
Q

Treatment - disseminated disease w/ local tumor

A

start w/ chemo, local excision and RT if stable and non progressive

23
Q

Treatment Chemo

A

high risk dogs (mets or high grade)
red/vinblastine
Cyclophasphamide/VBL

24
Q

Treatment Palladia

A

30% express c-kit mutation

25
Q

Patient related prognostic factors

A

breed - better for the Bs
Systemic - worse if signs
Location
Stage - lower w/o mets is better

26
Q

Location prognostic

A

SQ - better
Subungual, oral, mm associated - worse
Visceral or BM - BAD

27
Q

Tumor related prognostic factors

A
Size - >5cm worse
Growth rate - slow growth is better
Molecular markers - worse w/ c-kit
proliferation rate
Microvessel density
recurrence
Histological grade - well differentiated is better
Multiple tumors - NBD