Uvea
Iris, ciliary body, choroid
Vascular tunic of globe
Uveitis
breakdown of blood ocular barrier (inflammation)
Anterior uveitis
inflamed iris and ciliary body
Posterior uveitis
inflammed choroid - likely chorioretinitis
Panuveitis
inflammation of uvea: iris, ciliary body and choroid
Endophthamitis
inflammation of all structures internal to fibrous tunic
Fibrous tunic
cornea and slera
Panophthalmitis
inflammation of all structures of the globe
Aqueous flare
PATHOGNOMIC sign: anterior uveitis - proteins suspended in anterior chamber
Keratic precipitates
PATHOGNOMIC sign: uveitis -cellular debris adheres to corneal endothelium - constant cycling convection currents
ciliary flush
360˚ deep corneal neovascularization
Fibrin
PATHOGNOMIC sign: uveitis - develops in the eye and adheres to delicate structures -> synechia
Hypopyon
PATHOGNOMIC sign: uveitis - wbc settles in anterior chamber
miosis
constriction of the pupil
Dyschoria
abnormally shaped iris - posterior synechia?
Synechia
adhesion of the iris to the lens (posterior)
Adhesion of the iris to the cornea (anterior)
Iris bombe
360˚ posterior synechia - AH becomes entrapped within posterior chamber causing iris to bulge forward
Hyphema
blood that settles within the anterior chamber - common with uveitis and indicative of large breakdown in blood ocular barrier
Hypertension and coagulopathies?
Hypotony
Decreased intraocular pressure
Consistent with anterior uveitis
Cycloplegia
paralysis of ciliary body muscle - atropine
can relieve pain from spasms
Nuclear sclerosis
hardening of the lens that occurs natural in animals.
Lens appears cloudy - doesn’t indicate vision loss
6-7yrs
Cataract
Any opacity of the lens or lens capsule that prevents light passage
Parallax
utilizing the appearance of one object relative to another to determine depth
Lens zonules
small collagen fibrils arising from ciliary body that attach to the equater of the lens, securing the lens position wihtin the eye
Intumsecent cataract
Swollen
common in diabetics - driven by osmotic effect of sorbitol trapped in lens capsule
Phacoemulsification
modern technique for cataract surgery - lens broken by US eneregy and aspiration
Aldose reductase
enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol - causes osmotic pulling effect
Lens luxation
complete detachment of the lens from lens zolnules - shifts side to side revealing aphakic cresent
Aphakic crestn
Phakic = lens
Lens subluxation displaces cresent where lens is visible displaced
Iridodonesis
movement of iris that occurs 2˚ to lens instability
Phacodonesis
movement of lens 2˚ to lens instability
Glaucoma
vision loss 2˚ to elevated intraocular pressure and damage to optic n. and retina
Carbonic anhydrase
enzyme in ciliary body that aids in production of AH
Target for glaucoma tx
Buphthalmos
enlargement of globe - glaucoma
Haab’s Stria
fractures in descement’s membrane that occur 2˚ to buphthalmos and stretching of globe
subtle white streaks across cornea
Goniodysgenesis
abnormal iridocorneal angle conformation - narrowed or closed
sheets of abnormal tissue often coat the angle
Gonioscopy
Use of goniolens applied to the surface of the eye which allows light to bend into iridocorneal angle and facilitates examination
Fundus
Interior surface of posterior segment of the eye: retina, optic nerve, choroid
Holangiotic vascular pattern
entire neurosensory retina gets blood
Merangiotic vascular pattern
neurosensory retinal vessels localized to horizontal streak on either side of optic nerve
Lagomorphs
Paurangiotic vascular pattern
neurosensory retinal vessels only near optic enerve
Equids
Anangiotic vascular pattern
neurosensory retina is absent of any blood vessels
Retinal detachment
separation of neurosensory retina from retinal pigment epithelium
Intraretinal breach
Retinal dialysis
tearing of retina from its attachment at the ora ciliaris retinae or from the optic dis in association w/ retinal separation
can be seen hanging from optic nerve or ora ciliarus retinae
Hypertensive retinopathy
retinal vascular damage caused by systemic hypertension
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)
series of inherited but rarely congenital progressive degenerative conditions affecting neurosensory retina or retinal pigmented epithelium
Associated with progressively impaired vision and blindness
Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS)
Syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by rapid death of photoreceptors causing sudden blindness in dogs
Some dogs exhibit CS indicating Cushings - most do not test positive