OD
Right
OS
Left
OU
Both eyes
Photopic
well lit environment
Scotopic
Dark environment
Retroillunimination
Using light shone into the eye to reflect against internal structure and highlight features
Retropulsion
Applying light pressure to both ass to assess for asymmetry
*space occupying lesions add resistance
Corneal ulceration
disruption of corneal epithelium and exposure of the corneal stroma
Jones test
application of fluorescein dye
Positive - appears at the nares = patent nasolacrimal duct
Seidel test
Application of fluorescein dye appearance of AH leaking through (?)
Positive - AH leaking through - confirm perforation
Bony orbit
part of adnexa, conical bony continuing eyeball
Periorbital cone
supportive cone like structure
eyeball, extraoccular m, fat, vessels, n, fascia
Orbital ligament
forms lateral boundary of cats and dogs
Exophthalomas
abnormal protrusion - NORMAL size
Buphthalmos
abnormal enlargement of the eyeball - NORMAL position
ie glaucoma
Enophthalmos
abnormal recession within orbit
Stabismus
deviation of one or both eyes
Horners syndrome
sympathetic denervation of the eye and ocular adnexa
CS: enophthalmos, ptosis, miosis, protrusion of 3rd eyelid
Microphthalmos
Congential small and malformed globe
Phthisis bulbi
acquired shrunken globe
ie inflammation
Proptosis
anterior displacement of the glove - eyelids caught behind equator of globe
Tarsus
fibrocartilaginous layer of eyelid containing meibomian glands
*** Holding layer for surgiacl eyelid clsoure
Meibomian glands
within tarsal layer - producing lipid layer (sebum) to tear film
Canthus
convergence of upper and lower eyelids
Palpebral fissue
Areas outlined by upper and lower eyelid margins
Ptosis
drooping eyelid caused by sympathetic denervation (HORNERS)
Lagophthalmos
Incomplete eyelid closure/coverage of the globe
Eyelid margin
ID by grey line of meibomian glands
**important for surgical closures
Entropion
rolling of eyelid margin - inward
Hairs touch ocular surface
Ectropion
Rolling of eyelid margin - outward
2˚ keratitis, conjunctivitis
Blepharospasm
Spasm of orbicularis oculi m
Squinting
Tarsorrhaphy
Sx procedure: suture eyelids closed
Temporary/permanent
Partial/complete
Trichiasis
Hairs growing from normal skin reach corneal and or conjunctival surface
Distichia
Cilia which emerge from meibomian glands
Ectopic cilia
cilli protruding through palpebral conjunctiva
12 o’clock
severe, intermittent pain and corneal ulceration
Blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids
conjunctival fornix
where palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva meet
Palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva
line inner eyelid and anterior globe
Epiphora
abnormal overproduction of tears
Conjunctival lymphoid follicles
response to non-specific Ag stimulation
Presence anywhere but the bulbar surface of the 3rd eyelid is abnormal = conjunctivitis
AKA they are only normal on the 3rd eyelid
Goblet cells
present in conjunctival epithelium - produce inner most mucus layer of tear film
Mucoid discharge
common CS w/ conjunctivitis (goblet cell origin)
Mucopurulent discharge
KCS due to loss of aqueous portion of tear film
Bacterial overgrowth, WBC recruitment
Conjunctival hyperemia
congestion of superficial vessels in conjunctiva - Superficial disease
Episcleral injection
Refers to congestion of deep conjunctival vessels (episcleral) = deep disease process
Keratitis
Inflammed cornea: neovascularization, pigementation, fibrosis, ulceration, WBC infiltration
Ghost vessels
non-perfused corneal blood vessel (previous keratitis)
Chemosis
Edema of conjunctiva
Symblepharon
Adhesion of the conjunctiva to cornea