Maternal Nutrition Flashcards
(18 cards)
Role of Carbohydrates?
primary source of energy
fiber affects bowel function
Role of Proteins?
maternal tissue hyperplasia and hypertrophy (uterus, breasts)
fetal growth
contribute to energy metabolism
Role of Fats?
energy
more completely absorbed during pregnancy
fat deposits in fetus 2% mid, 12% at term
Role of Calcium and Phosphorus?
mineralization of fetal bones and teeth
acid-base buffering
Role of Iodine?
essential part of thyroxine (thyroid)
cretinism may occur in the infant if severe deficiency
use iodized table salt
Role of Sodium?
metabolism
regulation of fluid balance
don’t normally restrict intake in pregnancy
Role of Zinc?
protein metabolism
synthesis of DNA and RNA
fetal growth
lactation
Role of Magnesium?
cellular metabolism
bone mineralization
Role of Iron?
oxygen-carrying capacity
expansion of maternal blood volume
low iron is usually cause of anemia in pregnancy
Role of Vitamin A? fat
growth of epithelial cells
synthesis of glycogen
development of healthy eyes in the fetus
sweet potatoes, carrots, eggs
Role of Vitamin D? fat
absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus for skeletal development
milk, cereals, yogurt, orange juice
Role of Vitamin E? fat
anti oxidation
maintains health of cell membranes
almonds, sunflower seeds
Role of Vitamin K? fat
synthesis of prothrombin needed for blood clotting
green leafy vegetables
Role of Vitamin C? water
development of connective tissue
development of vascular system
oranges, kiwi, broccoli
Role of Vitamin B? water
cell respiration and glucose oxidation
energy metabolism
inadequate folic acid associated with neural tube defects
green leafy veggies, poultry, chickpeas
No change required in these nutrients for pregnancy:
fat, vitamin E, vitamin K, iodine, sodium
increased needs in these nutrients:
calories (300 kcals 2nd and 3rd)
carbohydrates 6-11 servings
protein 60g, increase 14g
calcium 1000 mg
zinc 11mg
magnesium 350mg
How much folic acid is required a day in pregnancy?
400mcg
