Reproductive Health II Flashcards
(53 cards)
What are fibrocystic breast changes?
thickening of normal breast tissue
E: probably d/t imbalance in estrogen and progesterone
sx, dx, tx of fibrocystic breast changes
sx- cyclic pain, tenderness, swelling right before menses
dx- mammography MRI or fine needle aspiration
tx- limit caffeine, decrease sodium, use oral contraceptives
What is endometriosis?
presence of endometrial tissue outside of uterine cavity
E: cause unknown, could be back flow of menstrual glow, inflammation of endometrium, immune defect
sx, dx, tx of endometriosis
sx- pelvic pain at time of menses
dx- laparoscopy
tx- surgical removal of endometrial tissue, NSAIDS, oral contraceptive
What is polycystic ovarian syndrome?
ovaries enlarged and contain numerous small cysts along outer edge of ovaries
E: cause unknown
sx, dx, tx of polycystic ovarian syndrome
sx- irregular/absent menses, elevated testosterone and androgen levels, obesity, insulin resist, infertility
dx- H&P, labs, vaginal US
tx- oral contraceptives, glucophage, and spironolactone
What is toxic shock syndrome?
disease of women in their reproductive years around menses or postpartum
E: toxin released by staph A
sx, dx, tx of toxic shock syndrome
sx- fever, rash on trunk like sunburn, vomiting, hypotension, inflamed mucus membranes
dx- elevated BUN, AST, ALT, Bili, low platelets
tx - hospitalization, IVF for BP, antibiotics
What is bacterial vaginosis?
decrease in normal vaginal flora (natural defense)
E: overgrowth of bacteria probably;y d/t douching or frequent sex
sx, dx, tx of bacterial vaginosis
sx- increased amount of think, watery, whitish/grey fluid with fishy smell
dx- vaginal pH greater than 4.5, slide prep
tx- Flagyl (metronidazole), clindamycin vaginal cream
What is vaginal candidiasis?
yeast infection
E: antibiotics, oral contraceptives, immunosuppressants, diabetes
sx, dx, tx of vaginal candidiasis
sx- thick, curdy vaginal discharge, severe itching, rash
dx- vaginal discharge will show spores under microscope
tx- diflucan (fluconazole) or nystatin
What is trichomoniasis?
sexually transmitted infection
E: caused by trichomoniasis vaginalis
sx, dx, tx of trichomoniasis
sx- yellow/green discharge, inflammation, itching, dysuria
dx- visualization of organism on microscope slide
tx- flagyl (metronidazole) vs non-treatment
What is a chlamydial infection?
most common bacterial STD
E: chlamydia trachomatis
sx, dx, tx of a chlamydial infection
sx- thin, purulent discharge, dysuria, lower abdomen pain
dx- lab culture
tx- azithromycin
What is gonorrhea?
STD increasing risk for pelvic inflammatory disease
E: bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae
sx, dx, tx of gonorrhea
sx- purulent, greenish/yellowish discharge, dysuria, vulva swelling
dx- lab culture
tx- rocephin (ceftriaxone) + azithromycin
What does untreated gonococcal opthalmia neonatorum cause?
an eye infection in babies
What is herpes genitalis?
HSV-1 (cold sore) and HSV-2 (genital infection)
E: caused by herpes simplex virus
sx, dx, tx of herpes genitalis
sx- single, blister-like vesicle in genital area
dx- culture of lesion
tx- no cure, acyclovir to help keep virus dormant
What is syphilis?
chronic infection from contact with open wound or acquired congenitally
E: spirochete Treponema pallidum
sx, dx, tx of syphilis
sx- chancre then later wart-like plaque on vulva, fever, weight loss, malaise
dx- blood test VDRL or RPR
tx- penicillin
What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?
sexually transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, usual cause of cervical cancer
E: human papillomavirus
