Reproductive Health I

Question 1

What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 1

follicular phase
luteal phase

Question 2

When does the follicular phase occur?

Answer 2

days 1-14

Question 3

What happens during the follicular phase?

Answer 3

-immature follicle matures as result of FSH
-oocyte grows in follicle
-ovum discharged into fimbria of fallopian tube

Question 4

When does the luteal phase occur?

Answer 4

days 15-28

Question 5

What happens during the luteal phase?

Answer 5

-ovum leaves follicle
-ovum remains in ampulla if fertilized (fertile 12-24 hours)
-reaches uterus 72-96 hours after release then implants into endometrium and secretes HCG
-if no fertilization, corpus lutes degenerates

Question 6

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 6

menstrual, proliferative, secretory, ischemic

Question 7

What is the menstrual phase?

Answer 7

the shedding of some endometrial cells

Question 8

What is the proliferative phase?

Answer 8

endometrial cells enlarge and thicken due to increased estrogen, peaking just before ovulation; cervical mucous more elastic, thin, clear (better for sperm)

Question 9

What is the secretory phase?

Answer 9

progesterone cause marked swelling of the epithelium, vascularity of uterus increases to provide nourishing bed for implantation

Question 10

What is the ischemic phase?

Answer 10

begins if implantation doesn’t occur, estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, corpus luteum degenerates (bleeding occurs - menstrual phase begins)

Question 11

What is mitosis?

Answer 11

• for growth and tissue repair
• process by which our body cells divide and replace themselves
• exact copies of original cell

Question 12

What is meiosis?

Answer 12

• process leading to development of eggs and sperm
• cells only contain half the genetic material chromosomes so that when fertilization occurs the normal cell number is restored

Question 13

When does meiosis occur?

Answer 13

during gametogenesis in which gametes (sperm and ovum) are produced

Question 14

What is oogenesis?

Answer 14

produces female gamete (ovum) in female, all ova present at birth

Question 15

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 15

produces male gamete (sperm), takes place at puberty

Question 16

When are ova fertile?

Answer 16

12-24 hours after ovulation

Question 17

How long do sperm live?

Answer 17

48-72 hours but probably only fertile for 24 hours

Question 18

Where does fertilization take place?

Answer 18

ampulla of the fallopian tube

Question 19

What does amniotic fluid do?

Answer 19

cushions fetus and umbilical cord
helps control temp
allows fetus to change positions
analyze for fetal health and maturity
promotes growth and development
fetus swallows it and fluid flows out of lungs

Question 20

What is amniotic fluid made of?

Answer 20

albumin, vernix, fetal urine, uric acid, lecithin, sphinogomyelin

Question 21

What is the umbilical cord?

Answer 21

body stalk connecting placenta with fetus
contains 2 arteries, 1 vein
surrounded by Wharton’s jelly
no sensory or motor innervation
twisted, spiral shaped d/t fetal movement

Question 22

What are the functions of the placenta?

Answer 22

immunologic properties - protect against antibody production since homograft
excretion
fetal respiration
production of fetal nutrients
production of hormones

Question 23

embryonic development: week 4

Answer 23

heart begins to beat
arm and leg buds present
somites develop - beginning vertebrae
primary lung buds present
eyes and ears begin to form

Question 24

embryonic development: week 6

Answer 24

body is straighter
trachea developed
nares present
liver produces blood cells
heart begins circulating blood
digits develop
tail begins to recede

Question 25

fetal development: week 12

Answer 25

face well developed eyelids are closed tooth buds appear genitals are well differentiated urine is produce spontaneous movement occurs fetal heart tones can be heard

Question 26

fetal development: week 20

Answer 26

subcutaneous brown fat appears vernix begins to form lanugo over entire body nipples and nails are present fetal movement felt by mother fetal heartbeat is heard by fetoscope

Question 27

fetal development: week 24

Answer 27

eyes structurally complete vernix caseosa covers skin alveoli beginning to form both grasp and startle reflexes present fingerprints and footprints present considered viable at this stage

Question 28

fetal development: week 28

Answer 28

brain develops rapidly nervous system begins to regulate eyelids open testes begin to descend lungs can provide gas exchange

Question 29

fetal development: week 36

Answer 29

increase in subcutaneous fat lanugo begins to disappear

Question 30

fetal development: week 38

Answer 30

full term (starts at 37 0/7) skin smooth and polished vernix caseosa in creases and folds head bigger than chest