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Chemistry > Matter Test > Flashcards

Matter Test Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

How do we classify matter?

A

Qualitative, quantitative

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3
Q

Qualitative

A

classifying matter according to physical appearance

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4
Q

Examples of qualitative observation

A

taste, smell, phase, texture

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5
Q

Quantitative

A

classifying matter with any numerical information

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6
Q

Examples of quantitative observations

A

height, mass, volume

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7
Q

Pure substances

A

fixed composition and properties

composed of 1 kind of atom/molecule

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8
Q

Types of pure substances

A

element and compound

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9
Q

Element

A

simplest form of matter

cannot be broken down into smaller substances

composed of 1 kind of atom

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10
Q

Examples of Elements

A

iron, sodium, hydrogen

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11
Q

Compound

A

chemical composition in a fixed proportion

have unique properties

1 kind of molecule

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12
Q

Examples of compounds

A

water, salt, carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Mixture

A

no chemical reaction

physical combination of 2 or more pure substances

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14
Q

Types of mixtures

A

homogeneous and heterogeneous

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15
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

particles have similar composition

small and evenly distributed

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16
Q

Types of homogeneous mixtures

A

alloys and solutions

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17
Q

Alloy

A

solutions of metals

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18
Q

Example of alloy

A

brass, bronze, steel

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19
Q

Solution

A

typically involve a solute and a solvent

the solute dissolves in the solvent

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20
Q

Examples of solutions

A

sugar water, tea, soda, saline solution

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21
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

particles have different composition

particles are different sizes and unevenly distributed

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22
Q

Types of heterogenous mixtures

A

Suspensions and colloids

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23
Q

Suspension

A

visibly not mixed

particles form layers and separate out

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24
Q

Colloid

A

particles are in different phases

layers not visible

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25
Examples of colloids
smoke, air, dairy products
26
Physical property
properties that describe the look or feel of a substance
27
Examples of physical properties
color, hardness, density, texture, phase
28
Physical change
substance changes its phase or some other physical property but not its chemical compostion
29
Example of physical change
liquid water to ice
30
Chemical property
Those that characterize the ability of a substance to react with other substances or to transform from one substance to another
31
Example of chemical property
methane has the chemical property to react with oxygen and form CO2, water, and heat energy
32
Chemical change
any change in a substance that involves a rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded
33
Reacting
materials said to be undergoing a chemical change
34
Chemical reaction
materials undergoing a chemical change
35
What happens in a chemical reaction?
new materials are formed by a change in the way atoms are bonded together
36
How to tell if its a physical change?
Change in appearance is the result of a new set of conditions on the same material
37
How to tell if its a chemical change?
change in appearance is the result of the formation of a new material that has its own set of physical properties
38
Methods for separating a homogenous mixture
Distillation Crystallization Chromatography
39
Distillation
the process of heating a liquid mixture to form a vapor and then cooling that vapor to get a liquid
40
Why is distillation used (other than to separate)
Purifies a liquid by separating the components of the liquid mixture
41
Crystallization
produces solids of high purity
42
What does distillation use to separate?
Different boiling points
43
Example of crystallization
Evaporating seawater leaves salt behind
44
Chromatography
passing a mixture through the stationary phase some of the molecules will remain at the stationary phase as others move along
45
Mobile phase of chromatography
pushes the mixture through the stationary phase
46
Separating a heterogeneous mixture
Centrifugation, filtration, (decanting?)
47
Specific heat capacity
the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celcius
48
Joules
the quantity of heat
49
Specific heat capacity of water
4.18 j/gºc
50
Specific heat capacity of ice
2.03 j/gºc
51
Heat energy
the energy needed to raise a certain amount of material from one temperature to another
52
Four states of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
53
How do we classify a state of matter?
Particle arrangement Energy of particles Distance between particles
54
Kinetic theory of matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion
55
Particles of solids
tightly packed vibrating about a fixed position
56
Solid's shape and volume
have a definite shape and a definite volume
57
What happens when a solid is heated?
Particles move fast, change into a liquid
58
Particles of liquid
tightly packed far enough apart to slide over one another
59
Liquid's shape and volume
Indefinite shape definite volume
60
Particles of gas
very far apart move freely
61
Gas's shape and volume
indefinite shape indefinite volume
62
Melting
solid to liquid heat goes into the solid as it melts
63
Freezing
liquid to solid heat leaves the liquid as it freezes
64
Vaporization
liquid to gas heat goes into liquid as it vaporizes
65
Types of vaporization
boiling evaporating
66
Condensation
gas to liquid heat leaves the gas as it condenses
67
Sublimation
solid to gas heat goes into the solid as it sublimates
68
Plasma
ionized gas Electrically charged very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields
69
Shape and volume of plasma
indefinite shape indefintie volume
70
What is the common state of matter?
Plasma
71
Where is plasma found?
flames, lightning, aurora (northern lights)
72
What is the Sun an example of?
Sun is a star in its plasma state

Chemistry (6 decks)

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