Periodic Trends (Cov. + Ionic) Test

Question 1

Who published the first classification system?

Answer 1

Dobereiner

Question 2

What did Dobereiner group the elements into?

Answer 2

Triads

Based off of similar chemical properties

Question 3

Example of triads

Answer 3

Cl, Br, and I

Question 4

Dmirtri Mendeleev

Answer 4

Published the first periodic table

arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass

Question 5

Differences between Mendeleev’s table and ours

Answer 5

His was arranged by atomic mass

Ours is arranged by atomic number

Question 6

HGJ Mosely

Answer 6

The Periodic Law

Question 7

The Periodic Law

Answer 7

when elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a pattern

Question 8

What is important about the periodic law?

Answer 8

It allows new elements to be discovered

Question 9

Groups/families

Answer 9

vertical columns on periodic table

Question 10

Periods

Answer 10

horizontal rows on periodic table

Question 11

Alkali elements

Answer 11

group 1 elements
the most reactive metals
ALL react with water
silvery in appearance

Question 12

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 12

group 2

harder, dense, strong
less reactive than alkali, but still too reactive to be in nature

Question 13

How can you get alkali and alkaline metals?

Answer 13

Extract from compounds

since too reactive to be found in nature

Question 14

Transition metals

Answer 14

good conductors of electricity

realitively non-reactive

found in nature

harder, denser, than alkali and alkaline

Question 15

Halogens

Answer 15

group 17

most reactive non-metals

react with metals to form salts

Question 16

Noble gases

Answer 16

least reactive of all elements

have a complete outer shell of electrons

Question 17

Octet

Answer 17

complete outer shell of electrons

noble gases have

Question 18

Metalloid

Answer 18

have properties of metals and non-metals

everything to the left of metalloid staircase is a metal

everything to the right of metalloid staircase is a non-metal

Question 19

Atomic size

Answer 19

Distance from the nucleus to an atom’s outermost electron

Question 20

What happens to atomic size as you go across?

Answer 20

It decreases

Question 21

What happens to atomic size as you go down?

Answer 21

It increases

Question 22

First ionization energy

Answer 22

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Question 23

What happens to ionization energy as you go across?

Answer 23

It increases

Question 24

What happens to ionization energy as you go down?

Answer 24

It decreases

Question 25

Electronegativity

Answer 25

the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

Question 26

What happens to electronegativity as you go across?

Answer 26

It increases

Question 27

What happens to electronegativity as you go down?

Answer 27

It decreases

Question 28

The octet rule

Answer 28

atoms want to give, receive, or share electrons to become stable for most, this means having 8 electrons in outer shell

Question 29

Ionic bonds

Answer 29

formed through the giving and taking of electrons

Question 30

Covalent bonds

Answer 30

formed through the sharing of electrons electrons are not given up completely

Question 31

Compounds with more than two elements

Answer 31

Ionic

Question 32

Compounds composed of two non-metals

Answer 32

covalent

Question 33

Compound composed of a metal and non-metal

Answer 33

ionic

Question 34

What type of element looses electrons?

Answer 34

Metals always loose electrons to become stable Metals are always first in the formula

Question 35

Why type of element gains electrons?

Answer 35

Non-metals They are second in the formula

Question 36

What is the charge of a metal in a compound?

Answer 36

Positive

Question 37

What is the charge of a non-metal in a compound?

Answer 37

Negative

Question 38

Polyatomic Ions

Answer 38

Molecules that carry a net charge (positive or negative)

Question 39

When do polar molecules occur?

Answer 39

When there is a net pole

Question 40

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 40

One side of the molecule is partially negative the otherside is partially positive

Question 41

How does a molecule become polar?

Answer 41

When one atom has a high electronegativity and then this atom attracts the electrons creates a distortion of charges

Question 42

Two things to determine if polar or non-polar?

Answer 42

1. Difference in electronegativity | 2. Molecule shape

Question 43

Nonpolar

Answer 43

When atoms in the bond pull equally

Question 44

Which has a higher boiling point polar or non-polar? Why?

Answer 44

Polar has a higher boiling point because one end of the molecule is positive and one end is negative. This allows opposites to attract and easily form bonds between molecules. These bonds are strong and are hard to break