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Miscellaneous > MCB Glycolysis from Lectures 11 & 12 > Flashcards

MCB Glycolysis from Lectures 11 & 12 Flashcards

0
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate

Phosphohexose isomerase

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1
Q

Glucose -> ?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate
Hexokinase
ATP -> ADP

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2
Q

Fructose-6-phosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Phosphofructokinase-1
ATP -> ADP

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3
Q

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate & Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Aldolase

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4
Q

Dihydroxyacetone -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Triose phosphate isomerase

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5
Q

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
NAD+ -> NADH

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6
Q

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

3-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglycerate kinase
ADP -> ATP

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7
Q

3-phosphoglycerate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

2-phosphoglycerate

Phosphoglycerate mutase

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8
Q

2-phosphoglycerate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Enolase

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9
Q

Phosphoenolpyruvate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

A

Pyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
ADP -> ATP

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10
Q

At which point must the reactions be doubled?

A

Once we have two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules.

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11
Q

Where does the energy investment stage end?

A

Once we have two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules

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12
Q

What are the energy investments?

A

2 ATP molecules

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13
Q

When does the energy payoff phase start?

A

Once we have our two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules.

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14
Q

What do we get from the payoff phase?

A

4 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate molecules

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15
Q

In which reactions is ATP consumed?

A

Glucose -> glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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16
Q

In which reactions is ATP produced?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate -> 3-phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate -> Pyruvate

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17
Q

In which reactions is NADH produced?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate –> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

18
Q

What is a pyranose ring?

A

The ring version of glucose (or a sugar)

19
Q

What are anomers?

A

Alpha and beta. The -OH on the anomeric carbon is either up (beta) or down (alpha)

20
Q

What is mutarotation?

A

Conversion between the anomers

21
Q

What is a straight chain sugar?

A

Straight chain sugar is the open form of the sugar

22
Q

How does glucose get into cells?

A

Throughout GLUT transporters which are 12 transmembrane helices
They are a gated pore that selectively brings glucose into cells

23
Q

What is GLUT 1?

A

For all body cells

1mM

24
Q

What is GLUT 2?

A

For the liver and pancreas cells
Responds to very high glucose levels in the blood
Km = 15-20 mM

25
Q

What is GLUT 3 ?

A

For the brain
Basal uptake
1 mM

26
Q

What is GLUT 4?

A

For the muscle and fat cells
Insulin causes more glut 4 to be put in the membrane
5 mM

27
Q

What is GLUT 5?

A

For the cells in the small intestine

Mainly fructose transporters

28
Q

Which transporter is for all body cells?

A

Glut 1

29
Q

Which transporter is for brain cells?

A

Glut 3

30
Q

Which transporter is for muscle and fat cells?

A

Glut 4

31
Q

Which transporter is for cells in the small intestine?

A

Glut 5

32
Q

Which transporter is for cells in the liver and pancreas?

A

Glut 2

33
Q

What is a phosphorylase?

A

Addition of inorganic phosphate to a molecule

34
Q

What is a kinase?

A

Addition of a phosphate from one molecule to another

35
Q

What is a mutase?

A

Movement of one phosphate from one atom to another within a molecule

36
Q

What is a dehydrogenase?

A

Oxidation / reduction reactions

Electron shuttles involved

37
Q

What is an isomerase?

A

Changes the structure of a molecule

38
Q

What is a synthase/synthetase

A

Synthesis of a product without high energy requirement

39
Q

What is a hydratase?

A

Addition of water

40
Q

Which is the anomeric carbon?

A

C1

41
Q

Alpha and beta anomers are …

A

Stereoisomers

42
Q

Which anomer of glucopyranose is more common?

A

Beta (63%)

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