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mental dental > MD EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY > Flashcards

MD EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

HEIRCHY OF EVIDENCE:

BEST AND WORS TYPE OF STUDY?

A

Best: META ANALYSIS (analysis combines multiple studies)

Worst: IN VITRO STUDIES (test tube)

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2
Q

epedemiological studies

A

quantify disease status in a community

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3
Q

survey or measurement taken to represent a snapshot in time, prevelance

case control study

cross sectional study

prospective cohort study

retrospective cohort study

A

CROSS SECTIONAL

same day sudy

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4
Q

people with a condition are compared to people without it (control) in the past, odds ratio

case control study

cross sectional study

prospective cohort study

retrospective cohort study

A

CASE CONTROL STUDY

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5
Q

cohort followed thorugh time to see who develops a diseae, incidence and related risk

case control study

cross sectional study

prospective cohort study

retrospective cohort study

A

PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

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6
Q

look back after following cohort and decide what disease you want to look for, incidence and relative risk

case control study

cross sectional study

prospective cohort study

retrospective cohort study

A

RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

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7
Q

A scientist wanted to do a study on how many alcholohic patients have oral cancer so he took a sample size of an area.

case control study

cross sectional study

prospective cohort study

retrospective cohort study

A

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ( survey to find prevelance)

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8
Q

a researcher is trying to find link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer

case control study

cross sectional study

prospective cohort study

retrospective cohort study

A
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9
Q

purpose of analytical and observational studies?

A

detemrine the etiology (cause) of disease

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10
Q

what is the purpose of CLINICAL TRIAL?

A

isolate one factor and examine its contribution to patients health by holding all other factors as constant as possible

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11
Q

best tool for doing an experimental study?

A

RANDOMIZATION

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12
Q

best type of clinical trial to do

single blind

double blind

random sampling

random allocation

A

DOUBLE BLIND !!

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13
Q

for frequency distributions, what is the shape of NORMAL DISTRIBTUION?

A

BELL SHAPED

IMAGE : bell shape is middle red

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14
Q

How do we measure the RANGE of a set of numbers?

A

maximum - minimum = range

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15
Q

how spread out individual values are from the mean is called what?

A

VARIANCE

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16
Q

square root of vairance is called what?

A

standard Deviation

17
Q

how do we find SD?

A

squar root of variance

18
Q

what does a large SD tell you about numbers?

A

the larger the SD the more spread out the number are

19
Q

reliability and validity:

which one is precicision and which one is accurate?

A

Reliability: Precision

Validity: accuray

20
Q

KNOW THIS CHART !!!

High TN related to FP: High specificity

High amount of TP relative to FN: high sensitivity

Success: HIGH TP and TN

FAILS: FP and FN

A
21
Q

How is STATISTICAL SIGNFICANCE (P-VALUE) defined?

A

probability 2 variables UN-RELATED

22
Q

what do you do about the null hypothesis if p< .05?

A

reject null hypothesis: statistically significant

null hypothesis: soemthing we belive to be true!

JOn says they have a good technique to roll a 6 on a dice more frequently.

Null hypothesis: researcher states no relationship between technique you use and rolling a 6 ( believed it to be true)

jon poes null is rejected because means likely that he is right

p

23
Q

average male baby in texas is 7 lbs. a nurse suspects that baby weight has went up in recent years and collect data to see.

null hypothsis (scientist) H0: 7 lbs

alternative hypothesis (midwife) H1 : >7 lbs

NULL HYPOTHESIS IS WHAT WE EXPECT TO SEE BASED ON KNOWLEDGE WE HAVE

midwife wants null rejected.

A
24
Q

what does the researcher try to do to the null hypothesis ?

A

disprove, rejectm or nullify

25
Q

THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE B/W CARIES PREVELANCE IN FLUORIDATED VS NON FLUORIDATED WATER

What is the null?

when is the null hypothesis rejected?

when is null accepted?

what is a type 1 and type 2 error

A

EXTREMELY IMPORTANT !!!

Null: no difference b/w fluoridated vs nonfluoridated

Reject null: there is a difference

when its rejected: True positive

TYPE 2 ERROR : accepted null that shouldve been rejected

TYPE 1 ERROR : rejected null whenever it was true

We accepted null hypothesis: when there is true negative

26
Q

what is a type 1 error

;

A

when we REJECT null whenever it is TRUE

27
Q

what is type 2 error?

A

ACCEPT null whenever it should be REJECTED

28
Q

what is correlation coefficent (r) ?

A

measure represents strength of relationship b/w 2 quantitative variables

always between : -1 and 1

-1 (lie on perfect negative line)

+1 (lie on perfect positive line)

r=0 means no linear relationship

29
Q

measures association b/w 2 categorical values ?

T-Test

Z-test

ANOVA
CHi-squared test (X2)

A

chi-squared

ex: prefer cats or dogs both men and women

30
Q

measures statistical differences b/w 2 means, small sample size

T-Test

Z-test

ANOVA
CHi-squared test (X2)

A

T-test

if T-value lower than number then dont rekect null if higher then reject.

31
Q

measures statistical differences b/w 2 means, large sample size

T-Test

Z-test

ANOVA
CHi-squared test (X2)

A

Z-test

32
Q

used to test differences between 2 or more means

T-Test

Z-test

ANOVA
CHi-squared test (X2)

A

ANOVA( analysis of variance)

33
Q

match:

qualitative, quantitative

Descriptive, numbers

A

qualitative: DESCRIPTIVE
quantitative: numbers

34
Q

what test is for qualitative vs quantitiatve?

X2

T-test

Z-test

NOVA

A

qualitative: X2
quantitative: t test/ z test/ nova

35
Q

hair type, blood type, etc is a type of what?

qualitative or quantitative

A

qualitative (NOMINAL): names and labels

36
Q

which is qualitative and which is quantitative? give examples

ordinal

interval

nominal

ratio

A

Qualittive:

nominal (names or labels): hair type, blood type etc

ordinal (ranking): socioecnomic status, educational level etc.

Quantitative:

ordinal: ranling

interval (value range; measure on scale): temp, sat scores

ratio: range of values with clear definition of 0: rxn rate, pulsem weight

37
Q

X and Y:

whch one is independent and dependent

A

X: indepepndent

Y: dependent

38
Q

WHAT ARE COMPONENTS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPER IN ORDER ???

BOARD ****

A

TITLE

ABSTRACT (summary; spark notes)

INTRODUCTION

METHODS (info about pop being tested)

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

TAIMR-DCR

mental dental (18 decks)

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