MDC2 MODULE 4

Question 1

What is the primary role of pharmacologic therapy in respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders?

Answer 1

It helps correct imbalances, reduce symptoms, and improve physiological function to maintain or restore stability.

Question 2

What are the key classes of upper respiratory medications?

Answer 2

• Decongestants
• Antihistamines
• Expectorants
• Antitussives

Question 3

What effect do decongestants have on the body?

Answer 3

They constrict nasal blood vessels to reduce swelling and open airways.

Question 4

What are common side effects of antihistamines?

Answer 4

• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth

Question 5

What is rebound congestion?

Answer 5

Nasal swelling that worsens with overuse of topical decongestants.

Question 6

What are the key classes of lower respiratory medications?

Answer 6

• Beta2-agonists
• Inhaled corticosteroids
• Leukotriene receptor antagonists
• Methylxanthines

Question 7

What is the primary function of beta2-agonists?

Answer 7

Relax airway smooth muscle.

Question 8

Why should inhaled corticosteroids be used with caution?

Answer 8

They can cause oral thrush.

Question 9

What is the significance of theophylline’s therapeutic range?

Answer 9

It has a narrow therapeutic range and can lead to toxicity if not monitored.

Question 10

What medications are used for GI acid suppression?

Answer 10

• PPIs
• H2 blockers
• Antacids
• Mucosal protectants

Question 11

How should PPIs be administered for optimal effect?

Answer 11

30 to 60 minutes before meals.

Question 12

What are the key classes of GI motility agents?

Answer 12

• Stimulant laxatives
• Bulk-forming laxatives
• Osmotic laxatives
• Stool softeners
• Prokinetic agents
• Antidiarrheals

Question 13

What is a common risk associated with stimulant laxatives?

Answer 13

They can lead to dependence.

Question 14

What is the primary use of antiemetics?

Answer 14

To treat nausea and vomiting.

Question 15

What are the key classes of antiemetics?

Answer 15

• 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
• Dopamine antagonists
• Antihistamines

Question 16

What is a potential side effect of metoclopramide?

Answer 16

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Question 17

What are the normal findings in a GI assessment?

Answer 17

• Pink mucosa
• Non-tender abdomen
• Active bowel sounds
• Brown, soft, formed stool

Question 18

What is a possible cause of diarrhea?

Answer 18

Infection, IBS, malabsorption.

Question 19

What is the purpose of an endoscopy (EGD)?

Answer 19

To visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Question 20

What are common symptoms of GERD?

Answer 20

• Heartburn
• Regurgitation
• Chest pain

Question 21

What nursing intervention can help prevent reflux in GERD?

Answer 21

Elevate the head of the bed (HOB).

Question 22

What is a key preventive measure for maintaining oral health?

Answer 22

Brush 2x daily with fluoride.

Question 23

What nursing management is recommended for stomatitis?

Answer 23

Good oral hygiene, avoid spicy foods, topical analgesics.

Question 24

What is a nursing consideration for patients with sialadenitis?

Answer 24

Warm compress, massage, and sialogogues.

Question 25

What is a key symptom of a mandibular fracture?

Answer 25

Facial trauma.

Question 26

What should be monitored in patients taking theophylline?

Answer 26

Serum levels due to its narrow therapeutic range.

Question 27

What dietary changes may be necessary for patients with GERD?

Answer 27

Avoid triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.

Question 28

What is a common effect of long-term PPI use?

Answer 28

Increased risk for fractures, C. difficile infection, and B12 deficiency.

Question 29

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 29

Produces bile and metabolizes nutrients, drugs, and toxins.

Question 30

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Answer 30

Absorbs nutrients.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The primary enzyme for carbohydrate digestion is _______.

Answer 31

amylase

Question 32

True or False: Antidiarrheals can be used in cases of bloody diarrhea.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is the primary management for a mandibular fracture?

Answer 33

Maintain airway, wiring care, liquid diet, suction PRN

Question 34

What are the clinical manifestations of Sialadenitis?

Answer 34

Pain/swelling, especially with eating

Question 35

How is Sialadenitis treated?

Answer 35

Warm compress, massage, sialogogues (e.g., lemon drops), antibiotics

Question 36

What symptoms are associated with Parotitis?

Answer 36

Swelling, fever

Question 37

What is the management for Parotitis?

Answer 37

Hydration, oral care, antibiotics, pain control

Question 38

What are the symptoms of GERD?

Answer 38

Heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain

Question 39

What are the lifestyle modifications for managing GERD?

Answer 39

Elevate HOB, small meals, avoid triggers

Question 40

What is a common surgical intervention for Hiatal Hernia?

Answer 40

Nissen fundoplication

Question 41

What does Achalasia cause?

Answer 41

Dysphagia, regurgitation

Question 42

What is the treatment for Achalasia?

Answer 42

Soft diet, balloon dilation, calcium channel blockers

Question 43

What are the precancerous changes associated with Barrett’s Esophagus?

Answer 43

Due to chronic GERD

Question 44

How is Barrett’s Esophagus monitored?

Answer 44

With endoscopy, PPI therapy, biopsy as needed

Question 45

What are the types of enteral nutrition?

Answer 45

NG, PEG, or Jejunostomy

Question 46

What are the nursing priorities for enteral nutrition support?

Answer 46

Verify tube placement, maintain tube patency, elevate HOB ≥30–45°, check residuals per policy, flush tube before/after meds/feeds

Question 47

What complications should be monitored for in enteral nutrition?

Answer 47

- Aspiration - Diarrhea or constipation - Dehydration - Tube displacement or blockage

Question 48

What signs should patients be educated about regarding enteral nutrition?

Answer 48

Signs of infection at insertion site, proper tube care, when to notify HCP (e.g., vomiting, fever, leakage)

Question 49

What assessments are crucial for Neck Dissection patients?

Answer 49

Airway patency, swallowing, pain, drainage (JP bulb), facial nerve function

Question 50

What are common nursing diagnoses for Neck Dissection?

Answer 50

- Ineffective airway clearance - Impaired communication - Risk for aspiration

Question 51

What are the goals for a patient undergoing Neck Dissection?

Answer 51

Maintain airway, prevent infection, optimize nutrition, support coping

Question 52

What interventions are used for Neck Dissection patients?

Answer 52

- Suctioning - Wound & drain care - Nutritional support (may need PEG) - Communication boards if speech impaired

Question 53

What post-operative care is essential for Gastrostomy/Jejunostomy Tube Placement?

Answer 53

Site care, infection prevention, ensure patency

Question 54

What complications can arise from Gastrostomy/Jejunostomy Tubes?

Answer 54

- Peristomal infection - Leakage - Dislodgment - Clogging

Question 55

What common noncancerous esophageal disorders should be recognized?

Answer 55

- GERD - Hiatal hernia - Esophageal spasm - Diverticula

Question 56

What are the clinical manifestations of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

Answer 56

Burning/gnawing epigastric pain, worse on empty stomach, GI bleeding

Question 57

What is the management for Acute Gastritis?

Answer 57

NPO, IV fluids, antiemetics, PPIs/H2 blockers, eliminate cause

Question 58

What are the clinical manifestations of Chronic Gastritis?

Answer 58

Vague epigastric discomfort, early satiety, vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 59

What is the treatment for Chronic Gastritis?

Answer 59

Eliminate cause, antibiotics for H. pylori, B12 injections, PPIs, diet changes

Question 60

What diagnostics are used for gastric cancer?

Answer 60

- EGD - CT/MRI - Upper GI series - Tumor markers - Biopsy

Question 61

What nursing diagnoses are relevant for patients with Gastric Cancer?

Answer 61

- Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements - Risk for infection - Anxiety or fear - Impaired body image - Grieving

Question 62

What are the goals for managing Gastric Cancer?

Answer 62

- Maintain nutritional status - Manage treatment side effects - Support emotional well-being - Promote recovery and self-care

Question 63

What are the symptoms of gastric cancer?

Answer 63

- Weight loss - Early satiety - Bloating - Vague epigastric pain - Anemia

Question 64

What is the risk associated with H. pylori treatment?

Answer 64

Requires 2 antibiotics + PPI ('triple therapy')

Question 65

What is a common complication following gastrectomy?

Answer 65

Dumping syndrome

Question 66

What dietary change helps prevent dumping syndrome post-gastrectomy?

Answer 66

Small, frequent meals, avoid fluids with meals

Question 67

What is the significance of monitoring for signs of GI bleeding?

Answer 67

Black tarry stools, coffee-ground emesis, drop in Hgb