Mechanisms of Immunization

Question 1

DTaP

Answer 1

Toxoid, protein subunit
Diptheria toxin, tetanus toxoids, pertussis hemagglutinin and outermembrane proteins
Aluminum adjuvant and formaldehyde

Question 2

Tdap

Answer 2

Toxoid, protein subunit
Diphtheria toxin (reduced), tetanus toxoids, pertussus hemagglutiinin and outer membrane proteins
Aluminum adjunvent and formaldehyde

Question 3

Hib

Answer 3

For haemo influenz
Polysaccharide protein conjugate
Conjugates of tetanus toxoid OR N meningitidis outer membrane protein plus capsule type B

Question 4

MPSV4 vaccine

Answer 4

Neisseria Meningitidis
Polysaccharide subunit
INactivated subunit vaccine of polysaccharide types A, C, Y, W135
Thimerosal

Question 5

MCV 4

Answer 5

N meningi
Polysacch protein conjugate
Conjufate of diptheria toxin and polysaccharide types A, C, Y, W135
Formaldehyde

Question 6

Men B

Answer 6

N mening
Recombinant subunit
Genes for adhesion A, factor H binding, and/or heparin binding proteins
Aluminum

Question 7

PPSV23

Answer 7

Strep Pneumo
Polysaccharide subunit
Inactive subunit vaccine of polysaccharide

Question 8

PCV13

Answer 8

Strep pneuo
Polysaccharide protein conjugate
Conjugate of tetanus toxoid and polysaccharide
Aluminum

Question 9

HAV

Answer 9

Hep A
Inactivated
Whole virus
Aluminum, formaldehyde, neomycin

Question 10

HBV

Answer 10

Hep B
Recombinant Subunit
Insertion of HBV surface ag genes into yeast cells
Aluminum and formaldehyde

Question 11

HPV

Answer 11

Recom subunit 
2v - 16/18 oncogneic
4v - 16/18 oncogenic, and 6/11 warts 
9v 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 oncogenic and 6/11 warts 
Aluminum

Question 12

IIV

Answer 12

Inactivated influenza
Inactivated virus in chicken eggs
Aluminum and thimersoal

Question 13

LAIV

Answer 13

Live attenuated influenza

Cold-adapted live attenuated incubated in chicken eggs

Question 14

RIV

Answer 14

Recombinant subunity influenza

INsertion of hemagluttinin genes into baculuvirus cultured in insect cells

Question 15

MMR

Answer 15

Live attenuated
Derived strains of virus in chicken eggs
Hydrolyzed gelatin and neomycin

Question 16

IPV

Answer 16

Polio
Inactivated
Inactivated type 1,2,3 cultured in calf
Formaldehyde, streptomycin and polymyxin

Question 17

RV1/RV5

Answer 17

Rotovirus
Live attenuated
RV1 - capsid protein
RV5 - G1-4 capside proteins and P7 attachment proteins

Question 18

HVV

Answer 18

Herpes zoster
Live attenuated
Varicella zoster at 19,400 PFUs
Hydrolyzed gelatin and neomycin

Question 19

VAR

Answer 19

Varicella
Live attenuated
V zoster at 1350 PFUs
Hydrolyzed geltin and neomycin

Question 20

Live vaccine induction

Answer 20

Disseminate to reach target tissues and activate PRRs

Question 21

Nonlive vaccine induction

Answer 21

Contain PAMOs and only trigger PRRs at site of injection

IM delivery key because lotsof dendritic cells

Question 22

Live attenuated characteristics

Answer 22

Recombined DNA to less virulent form
Strong cellular and AB response with few doses
Possiblity exist to revert to virulent form

Question 23

IMmune activation does NOT occur with

Answer 23

Circulating AB

Question 24

Inactivated characteristics

Answer 24

Kill
Safer
Stimulate weaker response (mostly HMI with a little CMI)…need boosters

Question 25

Subunit characteristics

Answer 25

Only antigens that best stimulate immune system Protein or polysach (polysach only for over 2 y/o) Can culture then use chemicals OR recombinant where insert microbe genomes into another organism to produce proteins

Question 26

Toxoid vaccines

Answer 26

Inactivate toxins with formaldehyde | Immune system produces ABs to block toxin

Question 27

POlysach conjugate vaccine

Answer 27

``` Link antigens (carb) to protein for immune system recognition Immune response moved to germinal centers, T-dependent response, more long term memory ``` Can use in children less than 2

Question 28

Type of vaccine order

Answer 28

Live>inact>protein>polysach

Question 29

Age of immunization

Answer 29

AB responses poor under 1 year | Poor AB response to polysacch less than 2 year

Question 30

Intervals between immunization

Answer 30

Primary doses 3 weeks apart (allows waves of ag-sepcific responses) Boosting 4+ months after pirmary (allows maturation of B memory cells)

Question 31

Antibioti/formaldehyde/thimerosal/gelatin purpose

Answer 31

AB - prevent growth of bacteria Form - inactivate viruses/toxins Thimerosal - Prevent growth of bacteria Gelatin - helps stabilize lives viruses

Question 32

Adjuvants

Answer 32

``` TLR ligand Enhance uptake by APCs Inflammasome activation (IL-1) Enahnce immune presnetation Immune cell recruitment ```

Question 33

Aluminum used to

Answer 33

Enahcnes ag uptake and activate inflammasomes

Question 34

Lipid A analogues used

Answer 34

MPL in 2vHPV | TLR ligand and immune cell recruitment