Mechanisms of psychotropic drug action L7

Question 1

4 mental illnesses

Answer 1

Schizophrenia
Depression
Bipolar disorder
Anxiety disorder

Question 2

what is Schizophrenia

Answer 2

relapsing and remitting illness characterised by positive and negative symptoms

Question 3

what is depression

Answer 3

a syndrome- a collection of several symptoms occurring together

Question 4

depression symptoms

Answer 4

low mood
reduced enjoyment 
fatigue 
sleep
appetite loss

Question 5

bipolar disorder=

Answer 5

episodes of depression

manic episodes

Question 6

anxiety disorder=

Answer 6

excessive fear and associated physical response

Question 7

4 neurotransmitters

Answer 7

Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
GABA

Question 8

4 dopamine pathways

Answer 8

mesolimbic
mesocortical
nigrostriatal
tubero-infundibular

Question 9

mesolimbic=

Answer 9

reinforcement reward

Question 10

mesocortical=

Answer 10

planning

Question 11

nigrostriatal=

Answer 11

intiation and control of movement

Question 12

tubero-infundibular=

Answer 12

hypothalamus to pituitary- dopamine inhibits prolactin release from pituitary gland (breast milk)

Question 13

Noradrenaline released by

Answer 13

neurones in locus coeruleus in brainstem

Question 14

what does noradrenaline influence

Answer 14

sleep, wakefulness, attention, feeding

Question 15

serotonin is also called

Answer 15

5-HT

Question 16

where is serotonin released from

Answer 16

Raphe nuclei

Question 17

what does serotonin mediate

Answer 17

Sleep, mood, emotional behaviour

Question 18

GABA released by

Answer 18

inhibitory neurones all around the CNS

Question 19

3 antipsychotics

Answer 19

Olanzapine
Haloperidol
Risperidone

Question 20

what do antipsychotics do

Answer 20

antagonise D2 receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical areas

Question 21

what do Antipsychotics treat

Answer 21

Schizophrenia

Question 22

side effects pathways of D2 antagonists (2)

Answer 22

nigrostriatal= extrapyramidal side effects 
Tubuloinfundibular= excess prolactin

Question 23

first generation antipsychotics=

Answer 23

haloperidol

Question 24

second generation antipsychotics

Answer 24

Risperidone

Olanzapine

Question 25

positive of second generation antipsychotics

Answer 25

have less extrapyramidal side effects

Question 26

disadvantage of second generation antipsychotics

Answer 26

more metabolic and cardiac side effects

Question 27

what can make people taking antipsychotics for schizophrenia lose 20 years of life

Answer 27

Increased cardiovascular risk

Question 28

3 type of antidepressant

Answer 28

Tricyclic SSRIs MAOIs

Question 29

what do tricyclic antidepressant do

Answer 29

blocks Noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake transporters at synapse

Question 30

e.g of tricyclic antidepressant (2)

Answer 30

Amitriptyline | Lofepramine

Question 31

what are SSRIs

Answer 31

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 32

e.g of SSRI (2)

Answer 32

citalopram | Fluxoetine

Question 33

SSRIs used for

Answer 33

depression and anxiety

Question 34

side effects of SSRIs (3)

Answer 34

Nausea/ vomitting Sexual dysfunction increased suicidal ideation

Question 35

what are MAOIs

Answer 35

Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors

Question 36

what do MAOIs increased the availability of in the synapse

Answer 36

Serotonin Dopamine Noradrenaline

Question 37

2 e.gs of MAOIs

Answer 37

Phenelzine | Meclobemide

Question 38

what can produce a hypertensive crisis on MAOIs

Answer 38

foods rich in Tyramine (cheese)

Question 39

what does tyramine do

Answer 39

precipitates Noradrenaline release from vesicles

Question 40

what chemical can prevent further episodes of depression and mania in people with bipolar

Answer 40

Lithium

Question 41

side effects with normal levels of lithium

Answer 41

weight gain fine tremor more urine

Question 42

Benzodiazepines=

Answer 42

GABA agonists

Question 43

e.g of Benzodiazepines (3)

Answer 43

Diazepam Lorazepam Themazepam

Question 44

use of benzodiazepines

Answer 44

anxiety and sleeping

Question 45

what is the dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia

Answer 45

schizophrenia is the result of dopamine hyperactivity in the brain (mesolimbic tract)

Question 46

evidence against dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia

Answer 46

dopamine antagonists take 2 weeks to have effect but neurotransmission effects are immediate other neurotransmitters involved

Question 47

monoamine theory of depression=

Answer 47

depression as a result of a deficiency in brain monamine neurotransmission

Question 48

monoamine=

Answer 48

serotonin dopamine Noradrenaline