Med

Question 1

Opsonization

Answer 1

a Process that include covering or coating microbes or dead cells by host proteins to facilitate phagocytosis

Question 2

anthracosis

Answer 2

Carbon (coal dust) PIGMENT ACCUMULATION

Question 3

lipofuscin

Answer 3

Endogenous pigments
complexes of lipid and protein that result from break down of cellular membrane (Brown atrophy). Liver, heart and brain
-It is a function of age or atrophy -It is a marker of free radical injury

Question 4

Hemosiderin pigment

Answer 4

• Iron in normally stored as ferritin (Fe+ apoferritin). - Prussian blue, Perls stain - Hemosiderosis

Question 5

Dystrophic calcificatio

Answer 5

Ca++ deposition in dead or

dying tissue with normal serum levels of Ca++

Question 6

Metastatic calcification

Answer 6

Ca++ deposition in normal

tissue and almost always reflects hypercalcemia

Question 7

The most important opsonins are

Answer 7

1. Antibodies esp. IgG
2. Complement protein C3b
3. Collectins: Plasma carbohydrate-binding lectins which bind
   to M.O cell wall sugar groups.

Question 8

Leukocyte receptors for opsonins include

Answer 8

1. Fc receptors for IgG
2. Complement receptors 1 & 3 for complement fragments
3. C1q for the collectins.

Question 9

The most important microbicidal substances are

Answer 9

1. Reactive oxygen species

2. Lysosomal enzymes.

Question 10

Lysosomal enzymes are

Answer 10

‘A. Oxidase
B. Myeloperoxidase (HOCl•)
C. Elastase (the most important lysosomal enzyme involved in bacterial killing)
D. Acid hydrolase (degradation of M.O)

Question 11

Defensins

Answer 11

Peptides kill bacteria by creating holes in their membranes.