Neoplasia3

Question 1

The four fundamental features by which
benign and malignant tumors can be
distinguished are:

Answer 1

1- differentiation and anaplasia • 2- rate of growth • 3- local invasion • 4- metastasis.

Question 2

Differentiation

Answer 2

The extent to which the tumor tissue resemble their

normal tissues morphologically and functionall

Question 3

desmoplasia

Answer 3

Certain cancers induce a dense, abundant fibrous
stroma (desmoplasia), making them hard, so-called
scirrhous tumors.

Question 4

anaplastic

Answer 4

Complete lass of difftentiation

Question 5

Dysplasia

Answer 5

a term used to describe disorderly but non-neoplastic
proliferation.
• Dysplasia is encountered principally in the epithelia.
• It is a loss in the uniformity Of individual cells and in their
architectural orientation.
• Dysplastic cells exhibit considerable pleomorphism and often
possess hyperchromatic nuclei that are abnormally large for the size
of the cell.
• Mitotic figures are more abundant than usual.
• Frequently the mitoses appear in abnormal locations within the
epithelium.
• In dysplastic stratified squamous epithelium, mitoses are not
confined to the basal layers, where they normally occur, but may
appear at all levels and even in surface cells.
• The usual progressive maturation of tall cells in the basal layer to
flattened squames on the surface may be lost and replaced by a
disordered scrambling of dark basal-appearing cells

Question 6

carcinoma in situ

Answer 6

When dysplastic changes are marked and
involve the entire thickness of the
epithelium, the lesion is referred to as
carcinoma in situ, a pre-invasive stage of
cancer