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Health / Fundamentlas Assesment Exam 3 > MED Surge Exams > Flashcards

MED Surge Exams Flashcards

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1
Q

What is autonomy in ethical principles?

A

The right to make one’s own personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in that person’s own best interest.

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2
Q

Define beneficence in healthcare.

A

The actions that promote good for others, without any self-interest.

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3
Q

What does veracity mean in a healthcare context?

A

The commitment to telling the truth.

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4
Q

Explain the principle of fidelity.

A

Fulfillment of promises.

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5
Q

What is social justice in healthcare?

A

Fairness in care delivery and use of resources.

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6
Q

Define nonmaleficence.

A

The commitment to doing no harm.

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7
Q

Who is included in the healthcare team?

A
  • Dietitian
  • Lab techs
  • PT
  • Pharmacists
  • Providers
  • Radiology techs
  • RT
  • Social workers
  • Speech-language pathologists
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8
Q

What are the factors that affect access to healthcare?

A
  • Poverty and its correlates
  • Geographic area of residence
  • Race and ethnicity
  • Sex
  • Age
  • Language spoken
  • Disability status
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9
Q

What should be recognized to provide cultural care?

A
  • Mistrust of healthcare providers
  • Different languages and religions
  • Fear of the unknown
  • Belief in alternative medicine
  • Language barriers
  • Unfamiliarity with medical treatment
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10
Q

List the steps of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP).

A
  • Ask clinical questions
  • Acquire the best evidence
  • Appraise the evidence
  • Apply evidence to patient care
  • Assess patient
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11
Q

What does PICOT stand for?

A
  • P: Patient
  • I: Intervention
  • C: Comparison
  • O: Outcome
  • T: Time
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12
Q

What is HCAHPS?

A

Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, a survey for measuring patients’ perceptions of their hospital experience.

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13
Q

What is patient-centered care according to QSEN competencies?

A

Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for the patient’s preferences, values, and needs.

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14
Q

True or False: Teamwork and collaboration is a QSEN competency.

A

True.

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15
Q

What are some geriatric considerations regarding memory?

A
  • Episodic memory diminishes with age
  • Free recall diminishes
  • Working memory ability decreases
  • Semantic memory maintained/may increase
  • Processing speed decreases
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16
Q

What are common respiratory issues in the elderly?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • COPD
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17
Q

What are the gastrointestinal changes in older adults?

A
  • Delayed gastric emptying
  • Delayed transport through the colon
  • Increased acid secretion
  • Decrease in liver and pancreas size
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18
Q

What does the term ‘hypokalemia’ refer to?

A

Low potassium levels in the blood.

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19
Q

What is the BMI range for obesity?

A

30 - 34.9 for obese; 35 or greater for severely obese.

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20
Q

What are the ABCDE’s of melanoma screening?

A
  • A: Asymmetric appearance
  • B: Irregular borders
  • C: Variation of color
  • D: Diameter greater than 6mm
  • E: Elevation or evolving
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21
Q

Differentiate between benign and malignant tumors.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Benign: Non-cancerous, do not invade other tissues
  • Malignant: Cancerous, invade surrounding tissues and metastasize.
22
Q

What is the purpose of the TNM classification?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Tumor: Size and extent
  • Nodes: Lymph node involvement
  • Metastasis: Distant spread.
23
Q

What are the expected findings for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Headache
  • Mild eye pain
  • Loss of peripheral vision
  • Decrease accommodation
  • Halos around lights
  • Elevated IOP.
24
Q

What are the expected findings for Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rapid onset of elevated IOP (30mm Hg or higher)
  • Decreased or blurred vision
  • Colored halos around lights
  • Pupils nonreactive to light
  • Severe pain and nausea.
25
What is macular degeneration?
Often called age-related macular degeneration (AMD), it is central loss of vision affecting the macula of the eye, with no cure and is the most common cause of vision loss in older adults.
26
What are some risk factors for glaucoma?
* Age * Infections * Tumor * Diabetes Mellitus * Genetic predisposition * Hypertension * Eye trauma * Severe myopia * Retinal detachment.
27
What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
Central loss of vision that affects the macula of the eye ## Footnote AMD is the most common cause of vision loss in older adults.
28
What are the two types of macular degeneration?
Wet Macular Degeneration and Dry Macular Degeneration ## Footnote Wet is more serious and has a faster onset.
29
What is the primary difference between Dry and Wet Macular Degeneration?
Dry: light sensitive cells break down slowly Wet: abnormal blood vessels leak blood and fluid ## Footnote Dry is the most common form.
30
What are some risk factors for dry macular degeneration?
* Smoking * Hypertension * Female sex * Short body stature * Family history * Diet lacking carotene and Vitamin E
31
What are some expected findings in macular degeneration?
* Lack of depth perception * Objects appear distorted * Blurred vision * Loss of central vision * Blindness
32
What diagnostic procedures are used for macular degeneration?
* Ophthalmoscopy * Visual acuity test (Snellen and Rosenbaum eye charts)
33
What patient-centered care can be provided for wet macular degeneration?
* Laser therapy to seal leaking blood vessels * Ocular injections to inhibit blood vessel growth
34
What are cataracts?
An opacity in the lens of an eye that impairs vision ## Footnote Develops slowly and can affect one or both eyes.
35
What are some risk factors for cataracts?
* Advanced age * Drying of the lens due to water loss * Increase in lens density * Diabetes * Hereditary factors * Smoking * Eye trauma * Chronic use of certain medications
36
What are expected findings with cataracts?
* Decreased visual acuity * Prescription changes * Reduced night vision * Decreased color perception * Blurred vision * Diplopia * Halos around light
37
What diagnostic procedures can determine cataracts?
Examination of the lens using an ophthalmoscope
38
What is a medication that can help with cataracts?
Anticholinergic agents (atropine 1% solution ophthalmic solution) ## Footnote Used to dilate the eye preoperatively.
39
What are some nursing actions post-cataract surgery?
* Preventing an increase in intraocular pressure * Preventing infection * Administering ophthalmic medication * Providing pain relief * Teaching about self-care at home
40
What are some client education points for cataracts?
* Wear sunglasses * Report manifestations of infection * Avoid activities that increase IOP * Limit activities like cooking or driving * Report any changes in vision
41
What is tinnitus?
Noise or ringing in the ear that only the patient can hear ## Footnote It is a manifestation of an underlying disorder.
42
What are the risk factors for tinnitus?
* Advanced age * Loud noises * Ear wax blockage * Certain medications
43
What is otitis externa?
The canal is inflamed and red, may have pus or discharge and is extremely painful.
44
What is vertigo?
An inner ear disorder that evokes a feeling of illusory movement ## Footnote It can cause transient feelings of spinning and dizziness.
45
What are some nursing interventions for vertigo?
* Medications * Change positions slowly * Space fluids evenly throughout the day
46
What is Meniere's disease?
A disorder that starts with one ear but may involve both, characterized by symptoms like spinning sensation and hearing loss.
47
What are the ABCDE's of melanoma?
* A: Asymmetric appearance * B: Irregular borders * C: Variation of color * D: Diameter greater than 6mm * E: Elevation or evolving
48
What is impacted cerumen?
Impacted wax that may cause pain and hearing loss.
49
What are the stages of pressure ulcers?
* Stage 1: intact skin with non-blanchable redness * Stage 2: partial-thickness skin loss * Stage 3: full-thickness skin loss * Stage 4: full-thickness tissue loss * Unstageable: depth unknown due to coverage * Deep tissue: persistent non-blanchable discoloration
50
What is cellulitis?
A serious deep infection of the skin caused by bacteria, characterized by warm, swollen, and red skin.

Health / Fundamentlas Assesment Exam 3 (7 decks)

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