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BCDE Finals > Medical Clinical Signs > Flashcards

Medical Clinical Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Abducent nerve palsy

A 
Lateral rectus
Esotropia of affected eye
Diplopia
Acquired: vascular, trauma, increased pressure, temporal arteritis, MS
Congenital- no double vision
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2
Q

Acromegaly

A

XS GH
Frontal bossing
Prognathism
Kyphosis

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3
Q

Gardner’s syndrome

A

FAP- polyps

rectal bleedings, diarrhoea, abdo pain, rectal polyps, thyroid cancer.

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4
Q

Adrenal failure acute

A

D+V, tachy, hypotensive, fever, shock, coma, death

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5
Q

Alcoholic myopathy

A

proximal
biceps, pecs
cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias
increase in CK

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6
Q

ALS

A 
commonest MND
degeneration of ant. horn cells
MIXED picture (UMN and LMN)
asymmetrical distal weakness
brisk reflexes
absent sensation
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7
Q

Acquired angioedema

A

Acute allergic
Non-allergic drug reaction
Idiopathic

URTICARIA

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8
Q

Congenital angioedema

A

NO urticaria
starts in pubery
with exercise, menstruation

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9
Q

Anterior synechiae

A

odd shaped pupil
iris adheres to cornea
iritis, trauma, closed angle glaucoma.

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10
Q

Anti-muscarinic SE

A 
Constipation
Low HR
Glaucoma
Dry mouth
Urinary retention 
Pupil dilated
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11
Q

Examples of anti muscarinics

A

atropine
ipratropium
oxybutinin
mebeverine

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12
Q

Quincke

A

nail bed throbbing

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13
Q

Traube

A

pistol shot femorals

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14
Q

Duroziez

A

murmurs over femorals

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15
Q

Apical lung cancer

A

Pancoast
Horner’s
Hoarse voice
Arm oedema

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16
Q

Arachnodactyly

A

spider fingers
Marfan’s
Ehlers Danlos
Homocystinuria

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17
Q

Arnold Chiari

A

Medulla, 4th ventricle and cerebellum displaced downwards.

Present with a meningiomyocele

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18
Q

Athetosis

A

slow, irregular, sinous, writhing movements

Cerebral Palsy, Huntingtons, CVA, space occupying lesion.

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19
Q

AVSD

A

Complete: blue baby
Partial: breathless baby

DOWNs syndrome

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20
Q

Foucher’s sign

A

baker’s cyst firm when leg straightened.

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21
Q

Bartter’s syndrome

A

inherited defect ascending loop
like too much loop diuretics
increased urine, increased thirsts, vomiting.

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22
Q

Basal ganglia

A 
Striatum
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra
Nucleus accumbens
Subthalamic nucleus
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23
Q

Beckers MD

A

milder than deuchennes
proximal muscle weakness
Gower’s sign

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24
Q

Beer drinker potomania

A

Lots of beer
Little food
Electrolyte disturbance

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25
Q

Bell’s sign

A

NOT bell’s palsy
When try to close eye with them being held open, one eyes moves up and outward
due to week ocularis oculi.

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26
Q

Boutonniere’s deformity

A

PIP flexed, DIP hyperextended

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27
Q

Broca’s area

A

usually left side

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28
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

permanent dilatation and thickening of airways

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29
Q

calcium channel blockers SE

A

flushing
headache
ankle swelling
constipation

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30
Q

cerebral palsy

A

90% spastic
dyskinetic
ataxia

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31
Q

chemodecta

A

paraganglioma

carotid body tumour

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32
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

6 months, no signs, 24 hour delayed fatigue

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33
Q

chvostek’s sign

A

tap face

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34
Q

club foot

A

talipes equinovarus

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35
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

erythema nodosum

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36
Q

compartment syndrome

A 
pain out of proportion
increased pressure
pain on passive extension
pallor
parasetheisa
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37
Q

cauda equina

A

L1/L2

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38
Q

corneal archus

A

arcus selenis

hypercholesterolaeamia

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39
Q

costochondritis

A

CP reproducible on palpation of the sternum

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40
Q

cranial paget’s

A

increase hat size, hearing loss, vertigo

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41
Q

crocodile tears sign

A

uncommon complication of bell’s palsy
cry when eating
facial paralysis when eating.

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42
Q

cysticercosis

A

tape worm
pork or beef
abdo pain, nausea, diarrhoea 6-8 weeks after

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43
Q

dengue fever

A

mosquitos
febrile phase
critical phase (low bp, GI bleeding, ascites, pleural effusions)
recover phase (altered consciousness, seizures)

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44
Q

Nephrogenic DI

A

amyloidosis
any kidney disease

Sx: increased thirst, dehydration, increased urine

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45
Q

Diptheria

A

bacteria
grey-white membrane in throat
pseudomembrane can become very large and obstruct airways

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46
Q

distention of mitral valve ring

A

due to dilated left ventricle

causes regurgitation

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47
Q

drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome

A

3-6 weeks after first exposure

muco-cutaneous rash, fever, lymphadenopathy and organ failure.

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48
Q

ehler’s danlos

A

gollagen disorder
fragile skin
stretchy and gross
fragile blood vessels- internal bleeds

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49
Q

Eisenmengers

A

reversal of a L to R shunt (to R to L) in teens causing them to become syanosed and get R heart failure- die in 30s

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50
Q

Exudative tonsilitis

A

Group A strep

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51
Q

Facial nerve disconnection

A

Loss of ant 2/3 taste and decreased saliva.

Chorda tympani
mastoid segment of facial nerve
Afferent sensation via lingual nerve.
Effecent parasympathetic secretomotor to sub-mandibular and lingual glands.
Travels through the middle ear
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52
Q

Fibrosing alveolitis

A

Restrictive

Cor pulmonale

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53
Q

Fixed drug eruption

A

Allergy
30 mins- 8 hours after had drug.
Round/oval patches of redness and swelling

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54
Q

Flaccid paraparesis

A

LMN= flaccid
Polio
Botulism
GBS

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55
Q

Fluid overload

A 
Iatrogenic
Heart failure
AKI
SIADH
Physical stress
Pink/frothy sputum
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56
Q

Giardia lamblia infection

A

Protazoa
Poor sanitation
Chronic diarrhoea/malabsorption
Failur to thrive, abdo pain etc.

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57
Q

Gitelman

A 
Hereditary
Potassium tubulopathy
Salt wasting
RAS activation
alkalosis
hypocalcaemia
normal blood pressure
58
Q

Thyroid malignancy

A

80% are papillary, then follicular (10%)
Young females, good prognosis
Metastasizes to lung and bone
MEN 2

59
Q

Haemachromatosis

A

HFE mutation

slate-gray

60
Q

Hemiballismus

A

ver rare movement disorder
decreased activity of subthalamic nucleus
flailing, ballistic undesired limb movements.
Caused by: stroke, brain injury, ALS, neoplasms

61
Q

Henna

A

G6PD haemolytic crisis

62
Q

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

A

vascular dysplasia
Present in their teens with epistaxis
Mucocutaneous lesions

63
Q

Heroin

A

dry mouth
warm skin
respiratory depression
weakness

64
Q

Hoffman

A

UMN lesion

finger flick

65
Q

Homan

A

DVT sign or Baker’s cyst

Pain on passive dorsiflxion

66
Q

Marfans

A 
AD
Aortic regurg
Superior lens dislocation
Scoliosis
Flat feet
67
Q

Homocystinuria

A

recessive
inferior lens dislocation
retardation
thromboses

68
Q

Hypoglossal nerve palsy

A

Tongue deviates to the side of the lesion

69
Q

Thrombocytopaenia

A

only low platelets

rash- purpuric

70
Q

Insulinoma

A

MEN1 or Von-Hippel-Landau

71
Q

Irritable bladder

A

detrusor overactivity

MS/PD/DM/CVA/Dementia

72
Q

Iscahemic colitis

A

red/maroon blood in stool
urgency
diarrhoea

73
Q

Kallman’s syndrome

A

hypothalmic hypogonadotrophins with anosmia
SN deafness, cleft palate
cryptorchidism

74
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Flex hip at 90 deg then extend knee
Irritated meninges
(SAH or meningitis)

75
Q

Kleinfelter’s

A 
XXY (boy)
Infertile
Ladylike
LANKY
Learning disabilities
truncal obesity and gynacomastia
76
Q

Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis

A

abnormal proliferation of histiocytes
MACROphages, MONOcytes, DENDRITIC cells
cancer like and responds to chemo
bony lesions

77
Q

Left ventricular aneurysm

A

4-6 weeks after MI

78
Q

Lhermitte’s sign

A

MS

79
Q

Lingual nerve

A

CNV3
sensation anterior 2/3 tongue
usually damaged during molar tooth surgery
decreased taste, numbness

80
Q

Loiasis

A

likes subcutaneous fat

81
Q

Loss of accomodation reflex

A

CN2/3

Holmes-Aide

82
Q

TB lymphnodes

A

Scrofula
painless
May become infected or adhere to skin and rupture
Forms a sinus.

83
Q

Median nerve

A 
C6-T1
Flex forearm
Thenar muscles
Lateral 2 fingers
Palm sensation
84
Q

Milroy’s disease

A 
Congenital lymphadenopathy
legs
upslanting toes
wart-like growth
prominent leg veins
85
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A 
AD
chlorine channels
sudden hand/foot drop
facial weakness and muscle wasting
long, haggard face.
male baldness
testes atrophy
MD1: Steinerts
MD2: proximal myotonic myopathy.
86
Q

NSAIDS side-effects

A 
GI bleed
N+V
Nephrotoxicity
Fluid retention
MI risk
Drug reactions
Premature closure of ductus arteriosus
87
Q

Obstructive resp disease

A

Low FEV1
COPD
Asthma
Bronchiectasis

88
Q

Quadrantinopia

A

temporal lobe

89
Q

Homonymous hemianopia

A

radiation

90
Q

Scotoma

A

occipital lobe

91
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A 
Thin sclera
Slender tendons
Arcus corneal
Heart valves
Tooth erosions
Hypermobile
Bad hearing
92
Q

Paget’s disease of the bone

A 
enlarged, misshapen bones
XS remodelling
Usually only 1 or a few bones
Raised ALP
wierd X-rays
Fractures
93
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome

A

osteoarthropathy
acanthosis nigracans
SIADH

94
Q

Parathyroid carcinoma

A

MEN1

95
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin deficiency
Diarrhoea
Dementia
Dermatitis

Gauntlet
Casai’s neck

Stomatitis, glossitis, red-skin, alopecia, oedema

96
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

80% duodenal

worse before meal, relieved by drinking milk.

97
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Raised JVP
Muffled heart sounds
hypotension

98
Q

Pernicious anaemia

A 
B12 needs IF for terminal ileum
anaemia
peripheral neuropathy
dementia
Rx: hydroxycobalamin
99
Q

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

A 
motor and sensory 
foot drop
curled hammer toe
high arc
peroneal muscular atrophy
100
Q

Peroneal nerve injury

A

foot drop

MND, CMT, surgery

101
Q

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

A

xs growth of normal tissue
lip/palms/soles freckling
GI polyps

bleeds and malignancy

102
Q

Phaeochromocytoma

A

adrenaline (medulla)
90% benign
episodic hypertension, sweating and palpitations.

103
Q

CAP organisms

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
c. pneumoniae

104
Q

POLIO

A

viurs
grey matter inflammation
90% no symptoms
paralytic disease

105
Q

Spinal polio

A

anterior horn cells
destroys motor ganglia
lower motor neuron symptoms

106
Q

Porphyria

A 
errors in harm synthesis
acute neurovisceral crises
photosensitive
hyperpigmentation
hair
blisters
107
Q

Kartageners

A

situs inversus
sinusitis
bronchiectasis

108
Q

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

A

CT disease
progressive calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibres
cutaneous lesions of neck first sign

109
Q

Pulmonary atresia

A

Valve not open
Duct dependent
Mottled CXR

110
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Idiopathic
Asbestosis
CT disease
Wegeners
Radiotherapy
Amiodarone, Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin
Pigeons
Mushrooms
Hot tub
111
Q

Radial nerve

A

wrist drop

112
Q

Relative afferent pupillary defect

A

optic neuritis

MS

113
Q

Restrictive lungs

A

Fibrosis

Kyphosis

114
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A 
inherited
retinal dystrophy
get blinder and blinder
night blindness
tunnel vision
aversion to glare
can't swap between light and dark
115
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

CT cancer
head, neck, genitals (muscle free skin)
under 5s.

116
Q

Rheumatic fever

A 
Jones' criteria
Pancardidits
Polyarthritis
Sydenham
Nodules
Erythema marginatum.
117
Q

Ricket’s

A

Waddling gait
Boney necklace
Big joints

118
Q

Acute sarcoid

A

erythema nodosum and polyarthralgia

119
Q

Lofgren’s diease

A

hilar lymphadenopathy
erythema nodosum
joint symptoms
fever

120
Q

Sarcoma

A 
mesencymal tumours
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma (cartilage)
liposarcoma (fat)
leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle)
Kaposi sarcoma--> black dots
121
Q

Spongiform encephalopathy

A

Prion disease
bovine- mad cow disease
Creutzfeld-Jakob- progressive ataxia, myoclonus

122
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

can cause homonymous hemianopia

visuo-spatial changes

123
Q

Sturge-Weber

A 
pANCA
Facial port-wine stain
vascular eye
leptomeningeal angioma on same side
glaucoma--> seizures--> bad IQ
124
Q

Subacute combined degeneration

A

vit B12 déficience
posterior column degeneartion
mid thorax
tingling, ataxia, rhomberg, vibration

125
Q

Subclavian steal syndrome

A

stenosis
TIS symptoms
reverse flow of blood up ipsilateral vertebral

126
Q

Subphrenic abscess

A

after surgery usually.

127
Q

syringomyelia

A

cyst
CERVICAL spine
core compression
acute rupture

128
Q

T4/T5 compression

A

arm pain, numbness, tingling

129
Q

Tabes dorsalis

A 
due to syphilis
myleopathy
anterior column degeneration
weakness
reflexes
loss of co-ordination
130
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

carpal tunnel tapping over median

131
Q

Tinea unguiun

A

onychomycosis

fungus

132
Q

total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

A

All 4 veins drain into systemic vein or right atrium
blue baby
duct dependent

133
Q

ABCDE2 score

A 
Age
BP
Clinical
Duration
Diabetes

TIA risk

134
Q

transverse myelitis

A

inflammation across both sides of spinal cord
sudden onset
rapid progression

135
Q

Trendelenberg’s sign

A

Proximal muscle weakness
Hip dysfunction
tilt to OTHER side of weakness.

136
Q

Mandibular lesion

A

Sensation to V3

Muscles of mastication

137
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A 
painful
lasts seconds
many attacks a day
electric shocks
cold, eating, touch exacerbate
138
Q

Trypanosomiasis

A

Sleeping sickness

Tsetse fly

139
Q

Von Hippel Landau

A

mutation Tumour-suppresor

  1. Bilateral renal cell cancer
  2. Retina and cerebella haemangioblastoma
  3. Phaeochromocytoma
140
Q

Wernickes

A

2/3 step commands

141
Q

Wilsons

A

AR
Cu in liver and CNS
Hepatomegaly, ascites, resting tremor, Keiser Fleischer, Azure lunulae (blue nails)

142
Q

Yellow nail syndrome

A

Chronic respiratory depression
Yellow nails
Lymphoedema

BCDE Finals (11 decks)

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