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bcde finals > Obs and Gynae > Flashcards

Obs and Gynae Flashcards

1
Q

Bartholin’s cyst

A

posterior and medial labia minora
painful sex
no symptoms

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2
Q

Cervical ectropion/erosion

A

red endo cervix visible

young women, OCP, preggers

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3
Q

Cervical polyp

A 
benign tumour endocervix
red
preggers
biopsy to exclude
twist and pull or liquid nitrogen
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4
Q

Uterine prolapse

A
  1. in vagina
  2. at introitus
  3. out of vagina
    Old, preggers, heavy bleeding.
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5
Q

Cystocele

A

Prolapse anterior wall and bladder
frequency and more infections
pessaries

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6
Q

Rectocele

A

Posterior wall

Bowel symptoms

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7
Q

Fibroid uterus

A

smooth muscle tumour
common
painful periods
red degeneration in pregnancy

Rx: GnRH agonists
Hysterectomy/ myomectomy.

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8
Q

Gartner’s duct cyst

A

Remnant of mesonephric duct

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9
Q

Nabothian cyst

A

surface of cervix
ECTO grows over ENDO
impairs mucus drainage.

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10
Q

Ovarian torsion

A

risk necrosis and ovarian loss

ooporopexy

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11
Q

Osteitis pubis

A

inflammation of pubis symphysis

NO infection

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12
Q

Suprapubic abscess

A

After pelvic surgery

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13
Q

Addisons during pregnancy

A

may need more T3 to cope with stress

if not controlled may cause IUGR.

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14
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

OGTT at 24-28 weeks
Gone after
Less birth defects.

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15
Q

Management of hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Methyldopa

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16
Q

Epilepsy in pregnancy

A

lowers seizure threshold
medications cause neural tube defects.
Increase folic acid dose
Carbamazepine and lamotrigine (NOT valproate).

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17
Q

Epilepsy vs. eclampsia

A

generalised seizure in eclampsia.

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18
Q

Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

A

may improve
but anti-thyroid Abs can cross placenta and may make baby hyperthyroid with goitre
give propylthiouracil

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19
Q

Hypothyroidism in pregnancy

A

Mum: more pre-eclampsia, miscarriages, stillbirths

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20
Q

MS

A

may get better in pregnancy but worse after.

no IFN in pregnancy

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21
Q

Subseptate uterus

A

septum at fundus

more likely to have transverse lie, recurrent miscarriages, can’t have a IUD.

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22
Q

SLE

A

better during preggers

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23
Q

Venous stasis eczema

A

due to heavy baby

will get better after

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24
Q

Cervical incompetence

A 
early opening (before 34 weeks).
Cerclage between 12-14 weeks and remove 34 weeks.
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25
Q

Cholecystasis bloods

A

High ALT and bile acids

normal ALP

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26
Q

Cholestasis

A

Oestrogen causes cholestasis
Resolves after delivery
May have still birth
Need Vit K.

27
Q

Gallstones

A

More common in preggers

28
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

AFter 20 weeks

High BP and proteinuria

29
Q

Eclampsia

A

tonic-clonic general seizure
during labour and after
get placenta out!

30
Q

Heterotrophic pregnancy

A

Half in and half out of uterus
usually due to IVF
like an ectopic

31
Q

Hydatidiform mole

A 
benign
non-viable
v. high bHCG
Snowstorm on USS
Bleeding
Malignant potential
Remove and methotrexate to kill
32
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

due to bHCG
1st trimester
urinary ketones
give fluids and anti-emetics

33
Q

Hyperstimulation syndrome

A

IVF complication
Ascites, mild abdo distension, nausea, diarrhoea
MASSIVE ovaries.

34
Q

Placenta praevia

A

bleeding late
Minor: side
Major: over outlet

35
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Inserted to myometrium

36
Q

Placenta percreta

A

inserted into bladder

37
Q

Placental abruption

A

Over 20 weeks

lead to APH and PPH, DIC, Hysterectomy

38
Q

Spontaneous miscarriage

A

Before 24 weeks.
Mifepristone and misoprostol
Anti-D

39
Q

Anencephaly

A

Due to: epileptics, T1DM, folic acid deficiency

5mg/day for high risk.

40
Q

Duodenal atresia

A

double bubble

treat with duodenoduodenostomy

41
Q

IUGR

A

symmetrical: early
asymmetrical: later

42
Q

Oesophageal atresia

A

link with polyhydramnios (may have fistula)

43
Q

Rubella in pregnancy

A

1st tri worst
increase miscarriages, SN deafness, cataracts, congenital heart disease
blueberry muffin rash

44
Q

Premature labour

A

24-37 weeks.

45
Q

Precipitate labour

A

under 3 hours

increased risk of trauma, PPH, infection, aspiration of baby

46
Q

Bloody show

A

pink/white mucus

latent stage

47
Q

cervix effaced

A

thinning

48
Q

Rupture of membranes

A

If rupture and then nothing- will induce after 24 hours.

49
Q

Artificial rupture

A

amniotomy

50
Q

Foetal head above pelvic brim

A

not engaged. abdominally palpable

51
Q

Foetal head below ischial spines

A 
When gets to positive can use instruments
Bishops score (at spines=0)
52
Q

Bowel perforation

A

category 1 c-section=emergency

53
Q

Cephalopelvic disproportion

A

Pelvis too small for baby

54
Q

Transverse lie

A

preterm labour
polyhydramnios
multiple pregnancy

55
Q

Breech

A

bum first
extended (frank)
flexed (complete)
footling (undeliverable)

56
Q

3rd degree tear

A

vagina to anal sphincter

due to obstruction, instruments, big baby, dystocia

57
Q

Fitz- Hugh Curtis

A

Liver adhesions from chlamydia

58
Q

Vaginal cancer

A

SCC

posterior wall upper third

59
Q

Cervical cancer

A

SCC due to HPV

60
Q

Endometrial cancer

A

unopposed oestrogen
USS more than 5mm
Hysterectomy and BSO

61
Q

Ovarian cancer

A

most common serous cystadenoma

62
Q

VIN

A

HPV pre cancer

Lichen sclerosis too

63
Q

Hives

A

Can increase in pregnancy
POPPP pruritic urticarial plaques and papules of pregnancy
not dangerous

64
Q

Allergies

A

can change in pregnancy

careful what you eat for baby too

bcde finals (11 decks)

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