Medical Math

Question 1

A 285 gram guinea pig weighs
1.2 lbs
0.285 kg
2.85 kg
20.85 kg

Answer 1

0.285 kg

Question 2

What is a 12 oz patient’s weight in lbs?
0.3
0.75
1.3
0.15

Answer 2

0.75
There are 16 oz in 1 lb. 12 oz x 1 lb/16 oz = 0.75 lb

Question 3

A 1050 lb horse is to be given 10,000 IU/lb of penicillin G by injection. The penicillin available has a concentration of 300,000 IU/mL. What is the amount of each injection to be given?
10 mL
25 mL
27 mL
35 mL

Answer 3

35 mL
1,050 lbs x 10,000 IU/lbs = 10,500,000 IU. 10,500,000/300,000 IU/mL = 35 mL

Question 4

A 40 kg dog presents to your hospital and is approximately 5% dehydrated. What is the replacement fluid volume needed for this dog?
1.75 L
1,200 mL
2 L
500 mL

Answer 4

2 L
Body wt (in kg) x % dehydration = fluid deficit (in L) so 40 x 0.05 = 2 L

Question 5

A 22 lb dog is ordered to receive 0.2 mL/kg of a drug. How many mL of the drug will the dog receive?
2 mL
50 mL
4.4 mL
100 mL

Answer 5

2 mL
22 lb / 2.2 = 10 kg
10 kg x 0.2 mL/kg = 2 mL

Question 6

What is the maintenance fund requirement (mL/day) for a 50 lb patient.
589
681
1135
2500

Answer 6

50 lb / 2.2 = 22.73 kg
22.7 kg x 50 mL/kg/day = 1,135mL/day

Question 7

A 6 kg cat is ordered to receive a drug with a dosage of 9 mg/kg. How many mg of the drug does the cat need?
9 mg
54 mg
1.5 mg
6 mg

Answer 7

6 kg x 9mg/kg = 54 mg

Question 8

If a 40 kg dog is ordered to receive 850 mg of a drug with a concentration of 250 mg/mL, how many mL of the drug will the dog receive?
8.5 mL
212,500 uL
3.4 mL
136 mL

Answer 8

3.4 mL
850/250 mg/mL = 3.4 mL

Question 9

A 12 lb cat needs Clavamox drops at 14 mg/kg BID. The solution 62.5 mg/mL. How many mL should this cat receive per dose?
2.4 mL
1.2 mL
3.1 mL
6.5 mL

Answer 9

1.2 mL
12 lb / 2.2 = 5.46 kg
5.46 kg x 14 mg/kg = 76.4 mg
76.4 mg/x mL = 62.5 mg/mL => 1.2 mL

Question 10

If a 72 lb dog is ordered to receive 580 mg of a drug and the tablets have a strength of 250 mg/tablet, how many tablets will the dog need?
2 tablets
2 1/4 tablets
1/2 tablet
1/4 tablet

Answer 10

2 1/4 tablets
580 mg / 250 mg/tablet = 2.32 so 2 1/4 tablets

Question 11

A 70 g patient weighs how many kgs?
700
7
0.7
0.07

Answer 11

70 g/1000g/kg = 0.07 kg

Question 11

If a dog is to receive 16 mL of a drug and the owner only has a teaspoon available to administer the drug by, how many tsp’s will the owner give the dog?
0.5 tsp
1 tsp
2 tsp
3 tsp

Answer 11

3 tsp
1 tsp = 5mL
16 mL / 5mL/tsp = 3.2 tsp so round to 3

Question 12

8.5 mL equals how many teaspoons?
1.7
2.8
4.3
6.8

Answer 12

1.7
8.5 mL/ 1tsp/5mL = 1.7 tsp

Question 13

How many mL are in an ounce of medication?
5 mL
10 mL
15 mL
30 mL

Answer 13

30 mL
1 oz = 30 mL, think 30mL in medicine cup and that one shot is 1 oz

Question 14

A 60 lb patient is to go home on Clavamox after his dental cleaning. The dose is 14 mg/kg once daily. What size tablet should the patient be sent home with?
125 mg
250 mg
62.5 mg
375 mg

Answer 14

60 lb/2.2 = 27.3 kg
27.3 kg x 14 mg/kg = 381.8 mg so 375 mg tablet

Question 15

If a goat is to receive 30 mL of medication BID for 8 days, how much medication will be dispensed?
240 mL
30 mL
1200 mL
480 mL

Answer 15

480 mL
30 mL x 2 for BID = 60 mL
60 mL x 8 = 480 mL

Question 16

How many mL of diphenhydramine (10mg/mL) will a 7.3 lb (3.3 kg) patient receive at a dosage of 2mg/kg?
0.17
0.37
0.66
1.5

Answer 16

3.3 kg x 2mg/kg = 6.6 mg
6.6 mg/x mL = 10mg/ml => 0.66 mL

Question 17

You calculate the volume deficit for a patient and find that it is 2 L. You are instructed to give this volume over the next 5 hours. What should the fluid rate be (in mL/hr)?
400 mL/hr
310 mL/hr
100 mL/hr
160 mL/hr

Answer 17

400 mL/hr
2L/1000mL = 2000 mL/ 5 hours = 400 mL/hr

Question 18

A 10 lb cat is ordered to receive 11 mg/kg of a drug with a concentration of 75 mg/mL. How many mL of the drug will the cat receive?
0.66 mL
49.5 mL
1.5 mL
4.9 mL

Answer 18

0.66 mL
10 lb / 2.2 = 4.55 kg
4.5 kg x 11mg/kg = 49.5 mg
49.5 mg / 75 mg/mL = 0.66 mL

Question 19

500 mL equals how many L?
50 L
5 L
0.5 L
0.05 L

Answer 19

0.5 L
500 mL/1000 = 0.5 L

Question 20

A 30 kg Golden Retriever named “Marley” presents with a history of gastroenteritis over the past 48 hours. He is approximately 5% dehydrated and the attending veterinarian would like to hospitalize him on IV fluids for the day. Calculate the volume deficit in his patient.
1000 mL
3 L
325 mL
1500 mL

Answer 20

1500 mL
30 kg x 0.05 = 1.5 L volume deficit
1.5 L / 1000 = 1500 mL

Question 21

A 12 lb cat has presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and is currently in shock. The doctor orders that a 40mL/kg bolus of 0.9% saline be administered. How many mL will this patient receive?
220 mL
120 mL
480 mL
36 mL

Answer 21

220 mL
12 lb / 2.2 = 5.5 kg
40 mL/kg x 5.5 kg = 218 mL or 220 mL

Question 21

If a dog is ordered to receive 1.6 grams of a drug with a concentration of 10%, how many mL of the drug will the dog receive?
1.6 mL
16 mL
0.16 mL
3.2 mL

Answer 21

16 mL
10% = 10 grams / 100 mL = 0.1 grams/mL
1.6 grams / 0.1 grams/mL = 16 mL

Question 22

If a 44 lb dog is ordered to receive 0.085mL/lb of a drug with a concentration of 5 mg/mL, how many mL of the drug will the dog receive?
18.7 mL
1.7 mL
8.5 mL
3.7 mL

Answer 22

3.7 mL
44 lb x 0.085 mL/lb = 3.74 mL

Question 23

A 500 kg horse is to receive IV fluids at a rate of 20 mL/lb of body weight/ 24 hours. How much fluid should this horse receive in the first 24 hours?
11 L
17 L
22 L
44 L

Answer 23

500 kg x 2.2 = 1,100 lb
1,100 lb x 20 mL/lb = 22,000 mL
22,000 / 1000 = 22 L

Question 24

A 12 lb DSH is presented to your hospital for a dental cleaning. The attending veterinarian has asked you to induce the cat with propofol at a dosage of 4mg/kg IV. The concentration of propofol is as listed in the image. How many mL will you draw up in the syringe?
0.22 mL
4.8 mL
21.8 mL
2.18 mL

Answer 24

12 lb / 2.2 = 5.5 kg
4 mg/kg x 5.5 kg = 21.8 mg
Propofol: 200mg/20mL= 10 mg/mL
21.8 mg/ x mL = 10 mg/mL => 2.18 mL

Question 25

How much 2% lidocaine should be drawn up of performing an intra-articular injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg in a 38 kg dog?
7.6 mL
76 mL
38 mL
3.8 mL

Answer 25

3.8 mL
38 kg x 2 mg/kg = 76 mg
2% = 2 x 10 = 20mg/mL
76 mg/ x mL = 20 mg/mL => 3.8 mL

Question 26

If you are ordered to fill a prescription of 58 mg of phenobarbital. How many tablets will the owner give of the strength of phenobarbital is 1 grain?
1/2 tablet
1 tablet
1 1/2 tablets
2 tablets

Answer 26

1 tablet
1 grain = 64.8 mg
64.8 mg / 58 mg = 1.1 tablet so 1 tablet

Question 27

You are to prepare 1 L of a 5% Dextrose solution in LRS. You have 60% Dextrose available. How many mL of 60% Dextrose will you add to the 1 L solution of LRS?
8.3 mL
83 mL
833 mL
0.83 mL

Answer 27

83 mL
60 x 10 = 600 mg/mL
C1V1 = C2V2
(0.6)V1 = (0.05)(1000mL)
(0.6)V1 = 50mL
V1=83 mL

Question 28

What is the approximate drip rate for 1800 mL of saline at 12 drops/mL over an 8-hour period?
3.6 drops/10 sec
17.5 drips/10 sec
15.0 drips/ 10 sec
7.5 drips/ 10 sec

Answer 28

Step 1: match units. 8 hours = 480 minutes = 28,800 seconds (8 x 3600)
Step 2: calculate drip rate. 1800 mL x 12 drops/mL = 21,600 drops total
Step 3: calculate drops per second. 21,600 drops / 28,800 seconds = 0.75 drips/ sec
0.75 drips/sec x 10 = 7.5 drips/10 sec

Question 29

How much sterile water is needed to make a 6% solution using 1 g of drug (round to nearest whole number)?
17 mL
166 mL
600 mL
456 mL

Answer 29

6% = 6 g/100 mL
6g/100mL =1g/x mL => 16.66 mL round to 17 mL

Question 30

The vet asks you to calculate the fluid deficit for a horse. He is a 950 lb horse that is about 7% dehydrated. What is his fluid deficit? (Round to nearest number)
63 L
30 L
5 L
305 L

Answer 30

30 L
950 lb / 2.2 = 431.8kg
432 kg x 0.07 = 30.2 L so 30 L

Question 30

If a 19 lb dog needs 0.2 mL/lb of a drug with a concentration of 50 mg/mL, how many mg of drug does the dog need?
190 mg
3.8 mg
19 mg
38 mg

Answer 30

190 mg
x mL/19 lb = 0.2 mL/lb
=>3.8 mL x 50 mg/mL = 190 mg

Question 31

If a 56 lb dog requires 5 mL/kg/hr of surgical fluids, calculate the drip rate using 15 gtt/mL drip set?
1 gtt/sec
1 gtt/2 sec
1 gtt/5 sec
2 gtt/5 sec

Answer 31

56 lb/ 2.2 = 25.5 kg
25.5 kg x 5mL/kg/hr x 15gtt/mL = 1912.5/3600 sec = 0.53 x 2 = 1.06 so 1 gtt/2 sec

Question 32

How many mL of 48% Tribissen at a dosage of 2 mg/lb will be administered to a 1700 lb (773 kg) horse?
3.2 mL
70.1 mL
1.8 mL
7.1 mL

Answer 32

7.1 mL
48 x 10 = 480 mg/mL
x mg/1700 lb = 2 mg/lb => 3,400 mg
3,400 mg/ x mL = 480 mg/mL => 7.08 mL or 7.1 mL

Question 33

A veterinary technologist has a 45% solution and 2L sterile diluent. What needs to be done to prepare 3L of 15% solution?
Add 1000mL of the 45% solution to the 2L diluent to make 3L of a 15% solution
Add 2L of 45% solution to 1000mL of sterile diluent
Add 2 L of sterile diluent to 1000 mL of 45% solution
Add 200 mL of solution to 2800 mL diluent

Answer 33

Add 1000mL of the 45% solution to the 2L diluent to make 3L of a 15% solution
(0.45) V1= (0.15)(3000mL)
0.45 V1 = 450
V1 = 1000 mL

Question 34

A 20 kg dog is ordered to receive 78 mg of a drug with a concentration of 4%. how many mL of the drug will the dog receive?
19.5 mL
195 mL
1.95 mL
39 mL

Answer 34

1.95 mL
4 x 10 = 40 mg/mL
78 mg/ x mL = 40 mg/mL => 1.95 mL

Question 35

A 10 kg dog needs 15 mg/kg of a drug with a concentration of 250 mg/tab. How many tablets does the dog need? Round down.
150 tablets
1 tablet
1/2 tablet
2 tablets

Answer 35

1/2 tablet
10 kg x 15 mg/kg = 150 mg
250 mg/tab = 150 mg/ x tab => 0.6 or 1/2 tablet

Question 35

A patient has come into the hospital after being stung by a bee. The patient’s muzzle is severely swollen, and the doctor has ordered a dose of dexamethasone sodium phosphate to be given intravenously. The patient weight is 30 kg, and the dose is 0.5 mg/kg. The concentration of the dexmethasone is 4 mg/mL. How many mL is this patient to receive?
3.75 mL
8 mL
1.7 mL
10 mL

Answer 35

3.75 mL
30 kg x 0.5 mg/kg = 15 mg
15 mg/ x mL = 4 mg/mL => 3.75 mL

Question 36

How many mg are in 100 mL of a 3% solution?
3 mg
30 mg
300 mg
3,000 mg

Answer 36

3,000 mg
3 x 10 = 30 mg/mL x 100 mL = 3,000 mg

Question 37

How many mL of 10 mg/mL diphenhydramine will be needed to treat a patient that weighs 47 lb (21.4 kg) at a dosage of 2 mg/kg?
4.28 mL
10.3 mL
1.14 mL
2.4 mL

Answer 37

4.28 mL
21.4 kg x 2 mg/kg = 42.8 mg
10 mg/mL = 42.8 mg/ x mL => 4.28 mL

Question 38

How many mL of 1:500 adrenalin will be administered at a dose of 0.4 mg?
1.3 mL
0.2 mL
2 mL
0.1 mL

Answer 38

1 g/500 mL = 1000mg/500 mL = 2 mg/1 mL
2 mg/1 mL = 0.4 mg/ x mL => 0.2 mL

Question 39

You have a bottle of 50% Dextrose. You are asked to add it to a bag of LRS for a pet in diabetic ketoacidosis to create a 2.5% solution. The pet has 800 mL left in his bag. How much Dextrose will you add to his bag?
60 mL
80 mL
20 mL
40 mL

Answer 39

40 mL
0.5 V1 = 0.025(800 mL)
0.5 V1 = 20 mL => 40 mL

Question 40

A 47 lb Standard Poodle has come to your hospital for a hind limb lameness and the veterinarian would like you to give an injection of Carprofen (50 mg/mL) SQ for pain. The dosage is 2.2 mg/kg. How many mL will you give to this patient?
0.9 mL
2.0 mL
4.6 mL
4.1 mL

Answer 40

0.9 mL
47 lb / 2.2 = 21.4 kg
21.4 kg x 2.2 mg/kg = 47 mg
47 mg/ x mL = 50 mg/mL => 0.94 mL

Question 41

A patient is slowly being weaned off fluid therapy. Her body weight is 10 kg and is currently at a rate of 30 mL/hr. The doctor wishes to decrease her fluid rate by 15%. What is her new rate?
25.5 mL
20 mL
27 mL
4.5 mL

Answer 41

25.5 mL
30 mL/hr x 0.15 = 4.5
30 mL/hr - 4.5 = 25.5 mL/hr

Question 42

A 16kg dog is to be on a constant rate infusion of ketamine at 80 mL/hr. Ketamine’s constant rate infusion is 0.4 mg/kg/hr and Ketamine’s concentration is 100mg/mL. How many mL of Ketamine will you add to 400 mL of LRS?
32 mL
3.2 mL
0.32 mL
6.4 mL

Answer 42

0.32 mL
16kg x 0.4 mg/kg/hr / 100 mg/mL = 0.064mL/hr
400mL x 1hr/80mL = 5 hr
0.064 mL/hr x 5 hr = 0.32 mL

Question 43

“Pablo”, a 66 lb Labrador mix, is in oliguric renal failure. The veterinarian has asked you to start a constant rate infusion of dopamine at 5 ug/kg/min and a rate of 120 mL/hr. Dopamine comes in a concentration of 40mg/mL. How much dopamine will you add to a L of 0.9% NaCl solution?
5.6 mL
1.9 mL
48.6 mL
19.5 mL

Answer 43

1.9 mL
66 lb/2.2 = 30 kg
30 kg x 5 ug/kg/min = 150ug/min
150ug/min = 0.15 mg (1000 ug/mg)/ min
0.15 mg/min / 40 mg/mL = 0.00375 mL/min
1000mL / 120 mL/hr =8.33 hr
0.00375 mL/min x 60 = 0.23 mL/hr
0.23 mL/hr x 8.3 hr = 1.9 mL

Question 44

Zoe, a 40 kg Labrador retriever is recovering after a liver mass resection. The doctor asks you to start Zoe on a fentanyl constant rate infusion at 4 ug/kg/hr. The concentration of fentanyl is 0.05 mg/mL. The fluid rate is currently set at 100 mL/hr. How much fentanyl will you add to a L of Normosol-R?
8 mL
14.5 mL
32 mL
70.5 mL

Answer 44

32 mL
40kg x 4ug/kg/hr =160 ug/hr
160ug/hr = 160ug (1000ug/mg) /min
0.16mg/hr / 0.05mg/mL = 3.2 mL/hr
1000mL x 1hr/100mL = 10 hr
10hr x 3.2 mL/hr = 32 mL

Question 45

A 10 year old male neutered pug presents in respiratory distress and appears to be having an allergic reaction. He has hives and a swollen face. The doctor asks you to get epinephrine ready at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg. He weighs 9 kg. When you get the bottle of epinephrine from the refrigerator it says it is a 1:1000 solution. How many mL will he drawn up for the patient?
0.08 mL
1.8 mL
0.8 mL
0.18 mL

Answer 45

0.18 mL
1:1000 = 1g/1000mL = 1000mg/1000mL = 1 mg/mL
9 kg x 0.02 mg/kg = 0.18mg
1mg/mL = 0.18mg/x mL => 0.18 mL

Question 46

How many mL of 50% Dextrose should be added to a 50 mL solution of LRS to make 2.5%?
1 mL
5 mL
50 mL
2.5 mL

Answer 46

2.5 mL
50 V1 = 2.5 x 50 mL
50 V1 = 125 mL
V1 = 2.5 mL

Question 47

How many mL 5% gentamycin will be needed in total to treat a 20 lb (9.1kg) dog will be at the rate of 2mg/lb BID for 5 days.
4 mL
8 mL
1.6 mL
0.8 mL

Answer 47

8 mL
5% x 10 = 50 mg/mL
20 lb x 2 mg/lb = 40 mg
40 mg / xmL = 50 mg/mL => 0.8 mL
0.8 mL x 2 (BID) x 5 days = 8 mL

Question 48

A patient weighs 389g needs ciprofloxacin 5mg/tab at a dosage of 20 mg/kg PO BID for 10 days. How many tabs are needed for complete treatment?
1.5 tabs
15 tabs
30 tabs
45 tabs

Answer 48

30 tabs
389g x 1kg/1000g = 0.389 kg
0.389kg x 20mg/kg / 5 mg/tab = 1.55 tab = 1.5 tab
1.5 tab x 2 BID x 10 days = 30 tabs

Question 49

A 38 kg Great Dane is recovering from gastric dilatation volvulus. The doctor would like to send him home on tramadol. The doctor has requested that a prescription be filled out for 5 days at 3 mg/kg orally TID. How many tablets should you send home? Tramadol is available in 50 mg tablets (round to closest whole number).
30 tabs
40 tabs
50 tabs
34 tabs

Answer 49

34 tabs
38 kg x 3 mg/kg = 114mg
114 mg/50 mg = 2.28 tabs
2.28 x 3 TID x 5 days = 34 tabs

Question 50

A 20 kg patient is being sent home on famotidine to help with potential esophagitis. How many 10 mg tablets should be sent home with the owner, if the patient requires 0.5 mg/kg PO BID x 7 days?
21
10
14
7

Answer 50

14
20 kg x 0.5 mg/kg = 10 mg
10 mg / 10 mg = 1 tab
1 tab x 2 BID x 7 days = 14

Question 51

A patient that is currently receiving 30 mL/hr of NaCl needs a medication added to the fluid bag. The clinician would like the patient to receive a total of 3 mg/kg/day of this medication. The medication comes in a 10 mg/mL solution. How many mL should be added to the bag if it is a 250 mL bag and the patient weighs 10 kg?
12.5 mL
6 mL
10 mL
1 mL

Answer 51

1 mL
10 kg x 3 mg/kg/day = 30 mg/day / 10mg/mL = 3 mL/day
250 mL x 1hr/30 mL = 8.33 hr
3 mL/day / 24 hr = 0.125 mL/hr
0.125 mL/hr x 8.33 hr = 1 mL

Question 52

You need 100 mL of a 0.3% lidocaine solution. You have on hand 1% lidocaine solution. How many mL of lidocaine and silent do you need to make this solution?
50 mL lidocaine/ 50 mL diluent
30 mL lidocaine / 70 mL diluent
25 mL lidocaine / 75 mL diluent
75 mL lidocaine / 25 mL diluent

Answer 52

30 mL lidocaine / 70 mL diluent
1 V1 = 0.3 x 100 mL
1 V1 = 30 mL
V1 = 30 mL

Question 53

A 20 kg patient is currently receiving 52 mL/hr of LRS. The clinician has requested that 2 mg/kg/day of metoclopramide be added to the bag. Metoclopramide is available as a 5 mg/mL solution. How many mL do you need to add to a 1 L bag?
45 mL
10.5 mL
3 mL
6.4 mL

Answer 53

6.4 mL
20kg x 2 mg/kg/day = 40 mg/day / 5 mg/mL = 8 mL/day
1000 mL x 1hr/52 mL = 19.2 hr
8 mL/day / 24 hr = 0.33 mL/hr
0.33 mL/hr x 19.2 hr = 6.4 mL

Question 54

A 60 kg dog needs to be sedated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol. The doctor would like a dose of 10ug/kg for dexmedetomidine and 0.1mg/kg for butorphanol. Dexmedetomidine comes in a 0.5 mg/mL solution and butorphanol is in a 10 mg/mL solution. How many mL of each medication will need to be administered for the patients sedation?
1.2 mL dexmedetomidine and 0.6 mL butorphanol
60 mL dexmedetomidine and 0.6 mL butorphanol
0.6 mL dexmedetomidine and 0.3 mL butorphanol
1.2 mL dexmedetomidine and 6 mL butorphanol

Answer 54

1.2 mL dexmedetomidine and 0.6 mL butorphanol
Dexmedetomidine: 10ug/kg / 1000 ug/mg = 0.01 mg/kg
0.01 mg/kg x 60 kg = 0.6 mg
0.6mg/ xmL = 0.5 mg/mL => 1.2 mL
Butorphanol: 0.1 mg/kg x 60 kg = 6 mg
6 mg/ xmL = 10 mg/mL => 0.6 mL

Question 55

A patient needs 2400 mL of fluids over the next 24 hr using the macro-drip fluid administration set delivering 10 gtt/mL. How many gtt/min will this patient receive (round up)?
17
24
38
50

Answer 55

17
2400 mL / 24 hr = 100 mL/hr
100 mL/hr x 10 gtt/mL / 3600 sec = 0.2777 x 60 min = 16.66667 so 17

Question 56

Rudy is a 5 yr old female spayed yorkie with pancreatitis and requires IVF. The hospital is very busy, and all of the fluid pumps are currently being used by other patients. You are asked to start fluids at 24 mL/hr for Rudy. Calculate the drip rate for this patient. Her body weight is 8lb. The drop size for your administration set is 10 drops/mL.
21 drops/ minute
12 drops/minute
8 drops/minute
4 drops/minute

Answer 56

4 drops/min
8lb /2.2 = 3.63kg
24mL/hr /60 = 0.4 mL/min
0.4 mL/min x 10 drops/1 mL = 4 drops/min