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Clever Orca VTNE Prep > Pharmacology T or F > Flashcards

Pharmacology T or F Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Tolerance is the decreased effect of a drug over time

A

True

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2
Q

T or F: Generic drug names are written in lowercase and are typically less expensive than name-brand drugs

A

True

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3
Q

T or F: Schedule I drugs are less likely to be abused than scheduled V drugs

A

False

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4
Q

T or F: When two drugs are synergistic, it means they must be administered in higher amounts when given together because they do not work as well as they do when administered alone

A

False

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5
Q

T or F: Enteral drugs are given via gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral drugs bypass the gastrointestinal tract

A

True

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5
Q

T or F: An overdose is a toxic effect that occurs when too much drug is given.

A

True

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6
Q

T or F: Topical administration is when a drug is administered on the skin or ear, but not the eye

A

False

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7
Q

T or F: Sublingual administration is when a drug is placed in the cheek pouch against the oral mucous membranes

A

False

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8
Q

T or F: Topical is when a drug is administered on the surface, while intradermal is when it is injected into the dermal layer of the skin

A

True

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8
Q

T or F: The therapeutic index is the effective dose divided by the lethal dose

A

False
It is made by calculating the lethal dose by the effective dose

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9
Q

T or F: Intraosseous is when a drug is injected into the bone marrow of the long bone

A

True

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9
Q

T or F: The effective dose (ED50) is the dose that is lethal in 50% of participants

A

False
ED50 is the dose that produces the desired response in 50% of patients
LD50 is lethal dose in 50% of participants

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10
Q

T or F: Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug

A

True

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11
Q

T or F: Efficacy (Emax) is the maximal response obtained by the drug

A

True
The highest point on a graph has the greatest efficacy. More drugs will not increase this number but may result in more adverse reactions

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12
Q

T or F: The medulla of the kidney is what filters toxins and produces urine

A

False
Nephrons are microscopic units that filter blood and produce urine. The medulla is the inner part of the kidney responsible for urine concentration

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13
Q

T or F: Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body

A

True

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14
Q

T or F: Adverse reactions are undesirable effects after the administration of a drug

A

True

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15
Q

T or F: There is a strong relationship between potency and efficacy

A

False
There is no relationship between potency (amount of drug needed to achieve desired effect) and efficacy (max response obtained by a drug)

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16
Q

T or F: The primary site of drug metabolism is the lungs

A

False
The primary site for drug metabolism is the liver. Some drugs can be metabolized in the kidneys, blood, and lungs.

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17
Q

T or F: Therapeutic action is the range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the adverse reactions

A

False
Therapeutic action is the desired response of the drug

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18
Q

T or F: Half-life is the time it takes a drug to put a detrimental effect (or half-life) on the kidney)

A

False
Half-life is the time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the drug present in the body

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19
Q

Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug

A

True

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19
Q

T or F: Drugs are eliminated from the body solely by urine and feces

A

False
Drugs are eliminated from the body via urine, feces, sweat, milk, saliva, tears, and by respiration

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20
Q

Diuretics are also known as water pills

A

True

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21
Q

Amlodipine and nifedipine are examples of calcium channel blockers

A

True

22
Q

Cardiovascular drugs like sodium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers can cause arrhythmias

A

False
All slows down the electrical impulses in the heart so it can beat regularly again

23
Q

Blood thinners are coagulation agents

A

False

23
Q

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are calcium-channel blockers that slow the heart rate by slowing electrical impulses

A

False
Class III is potassium-channel blockers

24
Q

Beta-blockers dilate blood vessels to allow for a better flow of oxygen

A

False
Beta-blockers decrease cardiac output by slowing the HR and decreasing force of contraction

25
Q

Hydrocodone is a narcotic example of an antitussive

A

True

25
Q

Theophylline and aminophylline are examples of expectorant drugs and help expect mucus from the lungs

A

False

26
Q

Bronchodilators are cough suppressants that inhibit the brain stem region responsible for coughing

A

False

26
Q

A common side effect of bronchodilator drugs is musculoskeletal twitching

A

True

27
Q

Flovent, a corticosteroid inhalant, takes 7-10 days to reach full effect

A

True

28
Q

Antacids work by decreasing the gastric pH and increasing the hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach

A

False

28
Q

Emetic drug apomorphine is typically used in cats, while xylazine hydrochloride is used to induce vomiting in dogs

A

False

29
Q

Gastrointestinal drugs, such as laxatives, can cause constipation or be used to ensure there are contents in the lower intestinal tract prior to medical procedures

A

False

29
Q

Antiemetic drugs are appetite stimulants

A

False

30
Q

Dexmedetomidine is the best emetic for cats, while apomorphine is the best emetic for dogs

A

True

31
Q

SSRIs (Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors) such as sertraline may cause paradoxical excitability and/or disinhibition of aggression in some patients

A

False
Benzodiazepines can cause paradoxical excitability/or disinhibition of aggression in some patients

32
Q

Pentobarbital is the first choice in dogs due to its low cost and high success rate

A

False

33
Q

Reversal agents for opioid activate opioid receptors

A

False

34
Q

Analgesics causes loss of consciousness

A

False

35
Q

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is commonly used for patients with osteoarthritis

A

True

35
Q

NSAIDs can be used as analgesics for broken bones

A

False

36
Q

NSAIDs are more effective if taken before pain

A

True

37
Q

Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), protamine zinc (PZI) and glargine insulin are all short-acting and used to create a rapid drop in blood sugar

A

False
Regular insulin is short-acting and used to create a rapid drop in blood sugar

38
Q

T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) are all produced by the pituitary gland

A

False
TSH is released by the pituitary gland and T3 and T4 are secreted by the thyroid gland in response to that

39
Q

Penicillin works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

A

True

40
Q

A superinfection is more common following treatment with a narrow-spectrum antibiotic

A

False

41
Q

Antimicrobials that affect the cell wall (penicillin, cephalosporin) or the cell membrane (polymyxin B, colistin) are bactericidal

A

True

42
Q

Tetracycline works by killing bacteria

A

False
Inhibits bacteria growth by inhibiting protein synthesis

43
Q

Ketoconazole works by inhibiting metabolic processes

A

True
Works by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

44
Q

Ivermectin is the best anti-parasitic drug in for collie breed dogs

A

False
Fatal in breeds with the mutation of the MDR1 gene such as collies

45
Q

Macrocyclic lactones are used to kill heart worms

A

True
Heartgard (ivermectin) kills heart worms

46
Q

Macrocyclic lactones can kill fleas, roundworms, ticks, heart worm, mites, and lice

A

True
Heartgard, Sentinel, and Revolution

47
Q

Revolution and Advantage are examples of topical anti-parasitic drugs

A

True

48
Q

Synthetic pyrethroids, such as etofenprox, kill flea and ticks, but are toxic to cats

A

True

49
Q

Anexate is the reversal drug for opiates

A

False
Flumazenil has been used as a successful therapy for benzodiazepines such as diazepam toxicosis in dogs and cats

50
Q

Dexmedetomidine can be reversed with the help of atipamezole

A

True

51
Q

Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen toxicity

A

True

52
Q

Vaccines can cure a disease

A

False

Clever Orca VTNE Prep (11 decks)

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