Pharmacology T or F

Question 1

T or F: Tolerance is the decreased effect of a drug over time

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T or F: Generic drug names are written in lowercase and are typically less expensive than name-brand drugs

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F: Schedule I drugs are less likely to be abused than scheduled V drugs

Answer 3

False

Question 4

T or F: When two drugs are synergistic, it means they must be administered in higher amounts when given together because they do not work as well as they do when administered alone

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T or F: Enteral drugs are given via gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral drugs bypass the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 5

True

Question 5

T or F: An overdose is a toxic effect that occurs when too much drug is given.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T or F: Topical administration is when a drug is administered on the skin or ear, but not the eye

Answer 6

False

Question 7

T or F: Sublingual administration is when a drug is placed in the cheek pouch against the oral mucous membranes

Answer 7

False

Question 8

T or F: Topical is when a drug is administered on the surface, while intradermal is when it is injected into the dermal layer of the skin

Answer 8

True

Question 8

T or F: The therapeutic index is the effective dose divided by the lethal dose

Answer 8

False
It is made by calculating the lethal dose by the effective dose

Question 9

T or F: Intraosseous is when a drug is injected into the bone marrow of the long bone

Answer 9

True

Question 9

T or F: The effective dose (ED50) is the dose that is lethal in 50% of participants

Answer 9

False
ED50 is the dose that produces the desired response in 50% of patients
LD50 is lethal dose in 50% of participants

Question 10

T or F: Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T or F: Efficacy (Emax) is the maximal response obtained by the drug

Answer 11

True
The highest point on a graph has the greatest efficacy. More drugs will not increase this number but may result in more adverse reactions

Question 12

T or F: The medulla of the kidney is what filters toxins and produces urine

Answer 12

False
Nephrons are microscopic units that filter blood and produce urine. The medulla is the inner part of the kidney responsible for urine concentration

Question 13

T or F: Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T or F: Adverse reactions are undesirable effects after the administration of a drug

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T or F: There is a strong relationship between potency and efficacy

Answer 15

False
There is no relationship between potency (amount of drug needed to achieve desired effect) and efficacy (max response obtained by a drug)

Question 16

T or F: The primary site of drug metabolism is the lungs

Answer 16

False
The primary site for drug metabolism is the liver. Some drugs can be metabolized in the kidneys, blood, and lungs.

Question 17

T or F: Therapeutic action is the range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the adverse reactions

Answer 17

False
Therapeutic action is the desired response of the drug

Question 18

T or F: Half-life is the time it takes a drug to put a detrimental effect (or half-life) on the kidney)

Answer 18

False
Half-life is the time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the drug present in the body

Question 19

Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug

Answer 19

True

Question 19

T or F: Drugs are eliminated from the body solely by urine and feces

Answer 19

False
Drugs are eliminated from the body via urine, feces, sweat, milk, saliva, tears, and by respiration

Question 20

Diuretics are also known as water pills

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Amlodipine and nifedipine are examples of calcium channel blockers

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Cardiovascular drugs like sodium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers can cause arrhythmias

Answer 22

False All slows down the electrical impulses in the heart so it can beat regularly again

Question 23

Blood thinners are coagulation agents

Answer 23

False

Question 23

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are calcium-channel blockers that slow the heart rate by slowing electrical impulses

Answer 23

False Class III is potassium-channel blockers

Question 24

Beta-blockers dilate blood vessels to allow for a better flow of oxygen

Answer 24

False Beta-blockers decrease cardiac output by slowing the HR and decreasing force of contraction

Question 25

Hydrocodone is a narcotic example of an antitussive

Answer 25

True

Question 25

Theophylline and aminophylline are examples of expectorant drugs and help expect mucus from the lungs

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Bronchodilators are cough suppressants that inhibit the brain stem region responsible for coughing

Answer 26

False

Question 26

A common side effect of bronchodilator drugs is musculoskeletal twitching

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Flovent, a corticosteroid inhalant, takes 7-10 days to reach full effect

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Antacids work by decreasing the gastric pH and increasing the hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach

Answer 28

False

Question 28

Emetic drug apomorphine is typically used in cats, while xylazine hydrochloride is used to induce vomiting in dogs

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Gastrointestinal drugs, such as laxatives, can cause constipation or be used to ensure there are contents in the lower intestinal tract prior to medical procedures

Answer 29

False

Question 29

Antiemetic drugs are appetite stimulants

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Dexmedetomidine is the best emetic for cats, while apomorphine is the best emetic for dogs

Answer 30

True

Question 31

SSRIs (Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors) such as sertraline may cause paradoxical excitability and/or disinhibition of aggression in some patients

Answer 31

False Benzodiazepines can cause paradoxical excitability/or disinhibition of aggression in some patients

Question 32

Pentobarbital is the first choice in dogs due to its low cost and high success rate

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Reversal agents for opioid activate opioid receptors

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Analgesics causes loss of consciousness

Answer 34

False

Question 35

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is commonly used for patients with osteoarthritis

Answer 35

True

Question 35

NSAIDs can be used as analgesics for broken bones

Answer 35

False

Question 36

NSAIDs are more effective if taken before pain

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), protamine zinc (PZI) and glargine insulin are all short-acting and used to create a rapid drop in blood sugar

Answer 37

False Regular insulin is short-acting and used to create a rapid drop in blood sugar

Question 38

T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) are all produced by the pituitary gland

Answer 38

False TSH is released by the pituitary gland and T3 and T4 are secreted by the thyroid gland in response to that

Question 39

Penicillin works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Answer 39

True

Question 40

A superinfection is more common following treatment with a narrow-spectrum antibiotic

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Antimicrobials that affect the cell wall (penicillin, cephalosporin) or the cell membrane (polymyxin B, colistin) are bactericidal

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Tetracycline works by killing bacteria

Answer 42

False Inhibits bacteria growth by inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 43

Ketoconazole works by inhibiting metabolic processes

Answer 43

True Works by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 44

Ivermectin is the best anti-parasitic drug in for collie breed dogs

Answer 44

False Fatal in breeds with the mutation of the MDR1 gene such as collies

Question 45

Macrocyclic lactones are used to kill heart worms

Answer 45

True Heartgard (ivermectin) kills heart worms

Question 46

Macrocyclic lactones can kill fleas, roundworms, ticks, heart worm, mites, and lice

Answer 46

True Heartgard, Sentinel, and Revolution

Question 47

Revolution and Advantage are examples of topical anti-parasitic drugs

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Synthetic pyrethroids, such as etofenprox, kill flea and ticks, but are toxic to cats

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Anexate is the reversal drug for opiates

Answer 49

False Flumazenil has been used as a successful therapy for benzodiazepines such as diazepam toxicosis in dogs and cats

Question 50

Dexmedetomidine can be reversed with the help of atipamezole

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen toxicity

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Vaccines can cure a disease

Answer 52

False