Medical Terminology - Chapter 14 Flashcards
(163 cards)
0
Q
cerebell/o
A
little brain
1
Q
cephal/o
A
head
2
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
3
Q
chrom/o
A
colour
4
Q
cran/i
A
skull
5
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
6
Q
dendr/o
A
tree
7
Q
disk/o
A
a disk
8
Q
dur/o
A
dura, hard
9
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
10
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
11
Q
esthesi/o
A
feeling
12
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
13
Q
gli/o
A
glue
14
Q
hypn/o
A
sleep
15
Q
lamin/o
A
thin plate
16
Q
later/o
A
side
17
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
18
Q
mening/i
A
membrane, meninges
19
Q
mening/o
A
membrane, meninges
20
Q
ment/o
A
mind
21
Q
my/o
A
muscle
22
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow, spinal cord
23
Q
narc/o
A
numbness, sleep, stupor
24
neur/i
nerve
25
neur/o
nerve
26
pallid/o
globus pallidus
27
papill/o
papilla
28
phe/o
dusky
29
poli/o
gray
30
somn/o
sleep
31
spin/o
a thorn, spine
32
spondyl/o
vertebra
33
vag/o
vagus, wandering
34
ventricul/o
ventricle
35
carry information from receptors to CNS
sensory nerves
36
carry information from CNS to effector organs
motor nerves
37
connect the sensory nerves to the motor nerves
interneuron
38
ganglion
knot
39
nerve that supplies the arm is called _________
brachial nerve
40
responsible for impulse transmission
neurons
41
glues neurons in place (act as a supporting tissue)
neuroglia
42
chemical messenger in the nervous system
neurotransmitter
43
which part of the neuron produces neurotransmitters
cell body
44
longest nerve in the body
sciatic
45
Xth cranial nerve, contains sensory and motor nerve cells (mixed nerve)
vagus nerve
46
which part of the neuron receives information
dendrite
47
which part of neuron takes info to the cell body / conducts impulses
axon
48
protects nerve from damage
myelin sheath
49
motor neurons AKA
efferent processes
50
sensory nerves AKA
afferent nerves
51
many axon bundles in the CNS are known as
tract
52
many axon bundles in the PNS are known as
nerve
53
nerve fiber
axon
54
the three membranes that are collectively known as the meninges
dura mater (outer), arachnoid, pia mater (inner)
55
two interconnected divisions of the nervous system
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
56
structural and functional units of the nervous system
neurons
57
conduct impulses from one location to another
nerve fibers and tracts
58
receives impulses from throughout body, processes the info and responds with appropriate action
central nervous system
59
governs sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory and voluntary movements
brain
60
conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from brain to body parts. reflex centre for impulses entering and leaving spinal cord without involvement of brain
spinal cord
61
links CNS with other parts of the body
peripheral nervous system
62
provide sensory input and motor control, or a combination
cranial nerves (12 pairs)
63
carry impulses to spinal cord and to muscles, organs and glands
spinal nerves (31 pairs)
64
controls involuntary bodily functions, stimulates adrenal gland to release epinephrine (adrenaline)
autonomic nervous system
65
what makes up the white matter of neuron
myelin sheaths
66
a-
lack of
67
mnes
memory
68
an-
lack of
69
-praxia
action
70
-sthenia
strength
71
astro-
star-shaped
72
-taxia
order, coordination
73
concuss
shaken violently
74
-ectomy
surgical excision
75
-tomy
incision
76
-lexia
diction, word, phrase
77
-phasia
speak, speech
78
hemi-
half
79
-lepsy
seizure
80
-lemma
a sheath, husk, rind
81
para-
beside
82
CT
computerized tomography
83
AD
Alzheimer's disease
84
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
85
CNS
central nervous system
86
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
87
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
88
EEG
electroencephalogram
89
HDS
herniated disk syndrome
90
ICP
intracranial pressure
91
PET
positron emission tomography
92
REM
rapid eye movement (sleep)
93
TIA
transient ischemic attack
94
interneurons are also called
central or associative neurons
95
a single elongated process, the axon of a neuron
nerve fiber
96
myelinated fibers have an inner sheath of _______ and an outer sheath or neurilemma composed of __________
meylin (a thick, fatty substance), Schwann
97
nerve fibers of the CNS do not contain _________
Shwann cells
98
collection of nerve fibers outside the CNS
nerve
99
group of nerve fibers within CNS
tract
100
stimulation of a nerve occurs at a _________
receptor
101
3 membranes that enclose brain are known collectively as the ________
meninges
102
bulge of the cortex
gyrus
103
furrow of the cortex
sulcus
104
brain's major motor area, site for personality and speech
frontal lobe
105
(in brain) contains centres for hearing smell and language input
temporal lobe
106
important part in coordination of voluntary and involuntary complex patterns of movement and adjusts muscles to maintain posture
cerebellum
107
the brain and spinal cord are surrounded by
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
108
functions of the cerebrospinal fluid (3)
cushions brain and spinal cord from shocks that could cause injury, helps to support brain, contains neurotransmitters
109
provides input for hearing and equillibrium
vestibulocochlear nerve (Acoustic/Auditory Nerve)
110
function of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS
counteract each other to keep body in a state of homeostasis
111
gap between 2 neurons
synapse
112
cholinergic neurotransmitter, plays important role in transmission of nerve impulses at synapses and myoneural junctions
acetylcholine (ACh)
113
condition in which there is loss or lack of memory
amnesia
114
muscular weakness, atrophy. with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord, medulla and cortex
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also called Lou Gehrig's disease
115
congenital condition in which there is a lack of development in the brain (or lack of brain altogether)
anencephaly
116
loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow
aphagia
117
loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and to recognize common ones; inability to perform motor tasks or activities of daily living such as dressing or bathing
apraxia
118
loss or lack of strength
asthenia
119
literally means loss or lack or order, neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements
ataxia
120
abnormal slowness of motion
bradykinesia
121
head pain, headache
cephalalgia
122
head injury with transient loss of brain function
concussion
123
concussion may also be called:
mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI) and minor head trauma
124
surgical excision of portion of the skull
craniectomy
125
condition in which individual has difficulty reading and comprehending written language
dyslexia
126
inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infection
encephalitis
127
chemical substances produced in brain that act as natural analgesics (opiates) and provide feelings of pleasure
endorphins
128
weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
129
paralysis of one half of the body, on one side of median sagittal plane, stroke is most common cause
hemiplegia
130
condition in which there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
hydrocephalus
131
artificially induced trancelike state resembling somnambulism (sleepwalking)
hypnosis
132
inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain
meningitis
133
chronic condition with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep
narcolepsy
134
thin membranous sheath that envelops a nerve fiber
neurilemma (also called sheath of Schwann or neurolemma)
135
supporting or connective tissue cells of the CNS
neuroglia
136
4 types of neuroglia cells
astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia and ependymal
137
chemical substance transmitted across a synapse that transmits a signal between two neurons
neurotransmitter
138
paralysis of the lower part of the body and of both legs
paraplegia
139
-plegia
stroke, paralysis
140
-paresis
weakness
141
progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in part of brain that controls movement.
Parkinson's disease
142
Disorder that creates a shortage of the brain signaling chemical (neurotransmitter) known as dopamine
Parkinson's disease
143
cromaffin cell tumor of the adrenal medulla or of the sympathetic nervous system
pheochromocytoma
144
paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk due to injury to the spinal cord in the cervical spine
quadriplegia (also called tetraplegia)
145
sensory nerve ending that receives and relays responses to stimuli
receptor
146
death of focal brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen
stroke
147
stroke is also called
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack
148
temporary interference in the blood supply to the brain
transient ischemic attack or ministroke
149
temporary loss of consciousness caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain
syncope (also called fainting)
150
pertaining to the sense of touch
tactile
151
surgical incision of the vagus nerve
vagotomy
152
relay centre for all sensory impulses
thalmus
153
composed of fiber tracts linking cerebellum and medulla to higher cortexes
pons
154
contains nerve centres for regulation and control of breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, heartbeat and blood pressure
medulla oblongata
155
diagnostic procedure used to study the structure of the brain. computerized three-dimensional x-ray images allow radiologist to differenciate among intracranial tumors, cysts, edema and hemorrhage
computed tomography (CT)
156
X-ray of spinal canal after injection of a radiopaque dye. Useful in diagnosing spinal lesions, cysts, herniated disks, tumors and nerve root damage
myelogram
157
insertion of a needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space for removal of spinal fluid to examine for colour, pressure, and level of protein, chloride, glucose and leukocytes
lumbar puncture (LP)
158
computer-based nuclear imaging procedure that can produce three-dimensional picture of actual organ functioning. For locating brain legion, identifying blood flow and O2 metabolism in stroke patients, Alzheimer's, mental illness
positron emission tomography (PET)
159
PET
positron emission tomography
160
Neuralgia that eat debris or dead neurons
Microglia
161
Neuroglia that is the blood/brain barrier
Astrocytes
162
Neuroglia that functions in CNS to lay down myelin sheath around axons
Oligodendroglia
