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BIOL 1050 > Medical Terms > Flashcards

Medical Terms Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Assisting primary treatment

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3
Q

alkylating agents

A

Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA

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4
Q

anaplasia

A

Loss of differentiation of cells

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5
Q

angiogenesis

A

Process of forming new blood vessels

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6
Q

antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by bacteria or primitive plants; inhibit growth of cells

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7
Q

antimetabolites

A

Chemicals that prevent cell division; inhibit formation of substances needed to make DNA

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8
Q

antimitotics

A

Drugs that block cell division

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9
Q

apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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10
Q

benign tumor

A

Noncancerous growth (neoplasm)

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11
Q

biological response modifiers

A

Produced by normal cells; directly block tumor growth or stimulate immune system to fight cancer

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12
Q

biological therapy

A

Use of the body’s own defenses to destroy tumor cells

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13
Q

brachytherapy

A

Use of radiation placed directly on or within the cancer

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14
Q

carcinogens

A

Agents that cause cancer

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15
Q

carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin

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16
Q

cellular oncogenes

A

Pieces of DNA, activated by mutations or dislocation, that can cause a normal cell to become malignant

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17
Q

chemotherapy

A

Treatment with drugs

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18
Q

combination chemotherapy

A

Use of several chemotherapeutic agents together in treatment of tumors

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19
Q

dedifferentiation

A

Loss of differentiation of cells

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20
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis

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21
Q

differentiating agents

A

Drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate, stop growing, and die

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22
Q

differentiation

A

Specialization of cells

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23
Q

electron beams

A

Low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors

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24
Q

encapsulated

A

Surrounded by a capsule; benign tumors are encapsulated

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25
external beam irradiation
Applying radiation to a tumor from a source outside the body
26
fields
Dimensions of body areas undergoing irradiation
27
fractionation
Giving radiation in small, repeated doses
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genetic screening
Testing family members to determine if they have inherited a cancer-causing gene
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grading tumors
Evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells
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gray (gy)
Unit of absorbed radiation dose
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gross description of tumors
Visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye
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infiltrative
Extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues
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invasive
Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue
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irradiation
Exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays
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linear accelerator
Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors
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malignant tumor
Tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis
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mesenchymal
Embryonic connective tissue
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metastasis
Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site
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microscopic description of tumors
Appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope
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mitosis
Replication of cells
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mixed-tissue tumors
Tumors composed of different types of tissue
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modality
Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation
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molecularly targeted therapy
Anticancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in specific tumor cells
44
morbidity
Condition of being unwell; deficient in normal function
45
mucinous
Containing mucus
46
mutation
Change in DNA; may be spontaneous or caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses
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neoplasm
New growth; benign or malignant tumors
48
nucleotide
Unit of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate, and a base
49
oncogene
Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that causes cancer
50
palliative
Relieving, but not curing symptoms
51
pedunculated
Possessing a stem or stalk
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photon therapy
Radiation therapy using energy in the form of x-rays or gamma rays
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protocol
Detailed plan for treatment of an illness
54
proton therapy
Use of protons produced by a cyclotron to deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body
55
radiation
Energy carried by a stream of particles
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radiocurable tumor
Tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy
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radioresistant tumor
Tumor that requires large doses of radiation to be destroyed
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radiosensitive tumor
Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue
59
radiosensitizers
Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays
60
radiotherapy
Treatment of tumors using doses or radiation
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relapse
Recurrence of tumor after treatment
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remission
Partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease
63
ribonucleis acid (RNA)
Cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA; directs formation of new protein inside cells
64
sarcoma
Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue
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serous
Having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid
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sessile
Having no stem
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simulation
Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment before RT is g
68
solid tumor
Tumor composed of a mass of cells
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staging of tumors
System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors
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stereotactic radiosurgery
Delivery of dose of radiation under stereotactic guidance
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steroids
Complex, naturally occurring chemicals derived from cholesterol
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surgical procedures to treat cancer
Methods of removing cancerous tissue
73
viral oncogenes
Pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant
74
virus
Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to copy itself

BIOL 1050 (26 decks)

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