Skin & Tissue Disorders

Question 1

What is a Bulla?

Answer 1

Primary. A bulla is an elevated, fluid-filled blister.

Question 2

What is a Macule?

Answer 2

Primary. A macule is a flat discoloration in skin color, like a mole or a freckle.

Question 3

What is a Nodule?

Answer 3

Primary. A nodule is a solid mass that can be palpated. It is a small, round elevation, usually larger than 6 cm.

Question 4

What is a Papule?

Answer 4

Primary. A papule is a solid elevated mass that is smaller than a nodule.

Question 5

What is a Plaque?

Answer 5

Primary. A plaque tends to be small and scaly, with some elevation.

Question 6

What is a Pustule?

Answer 6

Primary. A pustule is an elevated pus-filled lesion, usually the result of an infection.

Question 7

What is a Tumor?

Answer 7

Primary. A tumor is an elevated palpable mass caused by abnormal tissue growth.

Question 8

What is a Vesicle?

Answer 8

Primary. A vesicle is a fluid-filled blister.

Question 9

What is a Wheal?

Answer 9

Primary. A wheal is a palpable elevated lesion, also called a hive; it is normally the result of stress or an allergic reaction.

Question 10

What is Crust?

Answer 10

Secondary. Crust is the result of either dried pus or dried blood on the surface of the skin.

Question 11

What is Erosion?

Answer 11

Secondary. Erosion is the result of friction on the surface of the skin. This friction wears away the top layer of skin.

Question 12

What is Excoriation?

Answer 12

Secondary. An excoriation is a shallow cut or scratch.

Question 13

What is Keloid?

Answer 13

Secondary. A keloid is a larger growth of scar tissue.

Question 14

What are Scales?

Answer 14

Secondary. Scales are dry patches of surface epithelial cells.

Question 15

What is an Ulcer?

Answer 15

Secondary. Ulcers are the result of tissue loss caused by a type of pressure injury.

Question 16

What is Ecchymosis?

Answer 16

Tertiary. A bruise.

Question 17

What are Petechiae?

Answer 17

Tertiary. Small pinpoint vascular lesions.

Question 18

What is Purpura?

Answer 18

Tertiary. A small bruise that can be the result of clotting problems.

Question 19

What are club nails?

Answer 19

Club nails occur when the base of the nail is greater than 180 degrees.

This condition can be caused by lung cancer, heart disease, hypoxia, and liver cirrhosis.

Question 20

What are spoon nails?

Answer 20

Spoon nails are indentations of the nail bodies.

This can be caused by anemia.

Question 21

What are Bean’s lines?

Answer 21

Bean’s lines are transverse depressions in the nail bed.

They are the result of an acute illness.

Question 22

What is paronychia?

Answer 22

Paronychia is inflammation of the skin around the nails.

This can be caused by an abscess.

Question 23

What is leukonychia?

Answer 23

Leukonychia refers to white spots or lines on the nail.

It is caused by trauma or by aggressive nail filing.

Question 24

What is a first-degree burn?

Answer 24

A first-degree burn will cause damage to the top layer of the epidermis. This type of burn will present as a redness or hyperemia.

Question 25

What is a second-degree burn?

Answer 25

A second-degree burn will cause damage to both the epidermis and the dermis. Blistering of the skin can occur with a second-degree burn.

Question 26

What is a third-degree burn?

Answer 26

A third-degree burn will affect all three layers of the skin. In many instances, the skin will be charred.

Question 27

What is cellulitis?

Answer 27

Inflammation of connective tissue caused by a streptococcal or staphylococcal infection.

Question 28

What is impetigo?

Answer 28

Itchy, oozing, crusting lesions occurring on the face and around the mouth caused by a staphylococcal or streptococcal infection.

Question 29

What is folliculitis?

Answer 29

"Swimmer’s" rash, caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.

Question 30

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

Answer 30

"Red strawberry" tongue, fever, chills, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Question 31

What is Herpes simplex 1 virus?

Answer 31

A virus that primarily causes cold sores and fever blisters. ## Footnote Example: Cold sores are often caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus.

Question 32

What is Herpes simplex 2 virus?

Answer 32

A virus that primarily causes genital sores. ## Footnote Example: Genital herpes is commonly caused by the herpes simplex 2 virus.

Question 33

What is Varicella-zoster virus?

Answer 33

A virus that causes chickenpox and shingles. ## Footnote Example: After having chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus can remain dormant and later cause shingles.

Question 34

What are warts?

Answer 34

Benign skin growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). ## Footnote Example: Warts can appear on various parts of the body, including hands and feet.

Question 35

What is tinea capitis?

Answer 35

Tinea capitis is ringworm of the scalp.

Question 36

Where does tinea cruris occur?

Answer 36

Tinea cruris occurs in the groin, upper thighs, and buttocks. ## Footnote It is known as 'jock itch.'

Question 37

What is tinea pedis commonly called?

Answer 37

Tinea pedis occurs on the feet and between the toes and is commonly called 'athlete’s foot.'

Question 38

What is tinea corporis?

Answer 38

Tinea corporis is ringworm that occurs all over the body.

Question 39

What is tinea versicolor?

Answer 39

Tinea versicolor is a superficial ringworm of the back.

Question 40

What is tinea manus?

Answer 40

Tinea manus is ringworm of the hands.

Question 41

What is tinea barbae?

Answer 41

Tinea barbae is ringworm of the beard.

Question 42

What is tinea unguium also called?

Answer 42

Tinea unguium is ringworm of the fingernails, also called onychomycosis.

Question 43

What is Pediculosis capitis?

Answer 43

Head lice

Question 44

What is Pediculosis corporis?

Answer 44

Body lice

Question 45

What is Pediculosis pubis?

Answer 45

Pubic lice

Question 46

What is Scabies?

Answer 46

Pencil-thin skin rash caused by mites

Question 47

What is dermatitis?

Answer 47

Inflammation of the skin

Question 48

What is eczema?

Answer 48

A chronic form of dermatitis seen in both children and adults

Question 49

What is the cause of eczema?

Answer 49

Thought to be an allergic reaction or an inflammatory condition

Question 50

What factors can exacerbate eczema?

Answer 50

* Medications * Stress * Environmental conditions * Diet

Question 51

What are the signs and symptoms of eczema?

Answer 51

Itchy, red, scaly rash

Question 52

What is psoriasis?

Answer 52

A chronic inflammatory skin condition that may be caused by a genetic autoimmune disorder

Question 53

What are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis?

Answer 53

Repeated occurrences of silvery, scaly, red, and itchy skin lesions

Question 54

What does the 'A' in the ABCs of assessing moles stand for?

Answer 54

Asymmetrical ## Footnote Asymmetry may indicate a potential malignancy in moles.

Question 55

What does the 'B' in the ABCs of assessing moles refer to?

Answer 55

Borders (even or uneven) ## Footnote Uneven borders can be a warning sign for skin cancer.

Question 56

What does the 'C' in the ABCs of assessing moles indicate?

Answer 56

Color (even or uneven and multicolored) ## Footnote A variety of colors in a mole can suggest malignancy.

Question 57

What is the significance of 'D' in the ABCs of assessing moles?

Answer 57

Diameter—malignant melanomas are larger than a pencil eraser (5 mm) ## Footnote Lesions larger than 5 mm should be evaluated further.

Question 58

What does the 'E' in the ABCs of assessing moles stand for?

Answer 58

Elevation ## Footnote Elevation of a mole may indicate changes that warrant attention.

Question 59

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 59

Slow growing; normally does not spread; red, flat, or bumpy; occurring on feet, trunk, and back.

Question 60

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 60

Found in epidermis of skin and has the ability to spread.

Question 61

What is malignant melanoma?

Answer 61

Most aggressive and fastest growing; least common; most often fatal.