Medication Administration

Question 0

In the last 10 years, errors have ____________ .

Answer 0

Doubled

Question 1

How many people die each year from human error?

Answer 1

98,000

Question 2

How much percentage is due to physician orders?

Answer 2

38% (the nurse catches half of these)

Question 3

How many die from drug error?

Answer 3

7,000

Question 4

What is the time frame a med must be given?

Answer 4

Within a 2 hour window. 1 hour before to 1 hour after.

Question 5

Who determines the safety and efficacy of drugs?

Answer 5

FDA

Question 6

Who provides an official list of drugs including source and properties?

Answer 6

USP

Question 7

How often see controlled substances counted?

Answer 7

Daily

Question 8

If the count of a controlled substance is off what is the next thing?

Answer 8

Investigation

Question 9

If a portion of a controlled substance is not used of wasted, what must be done?

Answer 9

It must be witnessed and documented

Question 10

What does the Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 state?

Answer 10

How often rxs can be filled to prevent drug abuse

Question 11

High abuse potential; no medical acceptance in the US; not prescribed
I.e. cocaine, LSD, heroin

Answer 11

Schedule I

Question 12

High abuse potential; accepted medical use in US; abuse may lead to severe dependence
I.e. morphine, oxycodone

Answer 12

Schedule II

Question 13

Abuse potential less than I and II; accepted medical use in US; moderate or low dependence
I.e. Xanax, Tylenol 3, Ativan

Answer 13

Schedule III

Question 14

Low abuse potential, accepted medical use; limited dependence

Answer 14

Schedule IV

Question 15

Lowest abuse potential; limited dependence

I.e. cough meds

Answer 15

Schedule V

Question 16

Is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a symptom or prevention of disease also called drug (sometimes a negative meaning)

Answer 16

Medication

Question 17

Name assigned by a manufacturer before drug becomes official

I.e. ibuprofen

Answer 17

Generic name

Question 18

Constituents that makes drug molecular

2-(4 isobutylpphenyl) propinoic acid

Answer 18

Chemical name

Question 19

Registered name assigned by the manufacturer (trademark name)
I.e. Advil, Motrin, Nuprin

Answer 19

Brand name

Question 20

Name listed in the FDA publications

NSAID

Answer 20

Official name

Question 21

The process where the drug enters the bloodstream

Answer 21

Absorption

Question 22

Where are most PO meds absorbed?

Answer 22

GI tract

Question 23

Intravenous vs. subQ absorption?

Answer 23

Intravenous = fast; subQ = slow

Even slower when ice is applied

Question 24

The delivery of a drug to the tissue by the circulatory system

Answer 24

Distribution

Question 25

When a drug is distributed, where is it carried?

Answer 25

The most vascular organs (liver, kidneys, brain)

Question 26

The process by which a drug is transformed to a less active form

Answer 26

Metabolism

Question 27

Metabolism is also called:

Answer 27

Biotransformation or detoxification

Question 28

Where does metabolism take place mainly?

Answer 28

The liver

Question 29

What is metabolism a product of?

Answer 29

Active and Inactive metabolites (active metabolites have a pharmacological action; inactive metabolites have none)

Question 30

Action of an active drug and bi products removed from the body

Answer 30

Excretion

Question 31

Where are most metabolites excreted?

Answer 31

In urine (other areas are in feces, breath, perspiration, saliva, and breast milk)

Question 32

How is anesthesia excreted?

Answer 32

Via respiratory tract

Question 33

The desired effect of a drug and the reason it is prescribed is called?

Answer 33

Therapeutic effect

Question 34

What is a secondary or unintended effect of a medication that is predictable and can or cannot be harmful?

Answer 34

Side effect

Question 35

What are severe side effects called?

Answer 35

Adverse effects

Question 36

What is a level of a drug too high for the body causing adverse effects?

Answer 36

Drug toxicity

Question 37

What is an immunological reaction to a drug where the body is exposed to a foreign substance?

Answer 37

Drug allergy

Question 38

What are some examples of a mild or severe allergic reaction to a med?

Answer 38

Rash, pruritis, angioedema, rhinitis, lacrominal tearing, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, diarrhea

Question 39

What is are some examples of a severe or anaphylactic reaction?

Answer 39

Acute SOB, tachycardia, hypotension, shallow airway

Question 40

Drug allergies can take how long to react?

Answer 40

Immediate or within days

Question 41

The body requires more of a drug for therapeutic effect

Answer 41

Drug tolerance

Question 42

Alters effect of one or both drugs potentiating or inhibiting effect

Answer 42

Drug interaction

Question 43

When 2 drugs are given together to produce a greater effect than given alone I.e. Asa and codeine

Answer 43

Synergistic response

Question 44

Time after administration to produce a response is called:

Answer 44

Onset of action

Question 45

The highest serum concentration of drug maximum therapeutic effect

Answer 45

Peak level

Question 46

Length of time drug present in concentration to produce therapeutic effect

Answer 46

Duration of action

Question 47

Enough drug present in plasma to produce desired effect or response but not enough to cause toxicity

Answer 47

Therapeutic range

Question 48

Least amount of drug in serum to produce a therapeutic response

Answer 48

Minimum dose

Question 49

Greatest amount of drug in serum without causing adverse effects

Answer 49

Maximum dose

Question 50

Maintains desirable drug level - administer time is important

Answer 50

Maintenance dose

Question 51

What are some factors that influence drug action?

Answer 51

Developmental, pregnancy, infants, gender, diet, environment, psych, illness, and before and after meals

Question 52

What are the physiological changes in the elderly for meds?

Answer 52

Loss of vision, accumulation of drug into the body, compatibilities, decreased kidney and liver functions

Question 53

The primary reasons that patients don't take meds correctly is?

Answer 53

The lack of understanding

Question 54

What are the systems of drug measurement?

Answer 54

Metric, apothecary, and household

Question 55

What is the most common, safest, and least expensive route of medication?

Answer 55

Oral

Question 56

Under tongue

Answer 56

Sublingual

Question 57

Parenteral

Answer 57

By needle

Question 58

Local and on skin

Answer 58

Topical

Question 59

Through the respiratory tract

Answer 59

Inhalation

Question 60

To cheek

Answer 60

Buccal

Question 61

What is the most widely used drug book?

Answer 61

Physicians desk reference

Question 62

Compliance of drugs for use in the hospital

Answer 62

Hospital formulary

Question 63

Indicates medication to be given immediately and only one time within 20 minutes

Answer 63

STAT

Question 64

Only when physician can't write order

Answer 64

Verbal order

Question 65

A verbal order must be signed by the MD within ________ hours

Answer 65

24

Question 66

Order given only once at a specific time

Answer 66

Single/one time order

Question 67

Order that may or may not have a termination date, some terminates on set time during a policy

Answer 67

Standing order

Question 68

As needed

Answer 68

PRN

Question 69

Is located on the unit in large amounts, now only wound cleaners

Answer 69

Stock supply

Question 70

Individual supply for each patient (most common) and prepared by the robot at BMC

Answer 70

Unit dose

Question 71

Specific dose for each patient in an individual container

Answer 71

Individual supply

Question 72

Must keep locked; each patient has their own drawer

Answer 72

Medication cart

Question 73

Rare; located at SDS

Answer 73

Medication cupboard

Question 74

Most common nursing diagnosis related to drug therapy

Answer 74

Deficient knowledge

Question 75

"Real time" documentation is located where?

Answer 75

At the bedside

Question 76

If a patient vomits after a med is given . . .

Answer 76

Notify the physician and document

Question 77

If a med error occurs what needs to be done?

Answer 77

Assess patient first then fill out a STT (safety tracking tool)

Question 78

How often is medication checked before given to the patient?

Answer 78

3 times: when removing from the drawer, before opening, and at bedside before administering