Respiratory System

Question 0

The upper respiratory is lined with what?

Answer 0

Cilia

Question 1

What are the 3 major roles of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Provides oxygen for tissue perfusion
Influences acid-base balance
Excretory organ

Question 2

Inhaled air is?

Answer 2

Moistened, warmed, and cleansed by the tissue lining the nasal cavity

Question 3

Connects upper and lower airways responsible for taste, smell, chewing, and swallowing food.

Answer 3

Larynx

Question 4

Increased mucus defeats cilia function and mucus is thickened

Answer 4

Ciliary function hindrance

Question 5

Not being able to smell or frequent colds

Answer 5

Anosmia

Question 6

Stimulating the gag reflex with a tongue blade or positive cough or gagging with a positive response means what?

Answer 6

Indicates the airway is protected

Question 7

From normally midline septum, protrudes more to one side of the nasal passage

Answer 7

Deviated septum

Question 8

What is a nose bleed?

Answer 8

Epistaxis

Question 9

Deviated reconstructed and aligned with minimal cartilage and bone removal

Answer 9

Septoplasty

Question 10

Removal of the deviated section of cartilage and bone

Answer 10

Submucosal resection

Question 11

Where do children’s nose bleeds most occur? Posterior or anterior

Answer 11

Anterior

Question 12

Where do most older adults nose bleeds normally occur? Posterior or anterior.

Answer 12

Posterior

Question 13

What is the number one cause of nose bleeds?

Answer 13

Trauma

Question 14

Acute coryza or common cold - virus is the most common symptom of the respiratory disease.

Answer 14

Acute Viral Rhinitis

Question 15

What is the most common symptom of a respiratory disease?

Answer 15

Cough

Question 16

What is the pathophysiology of the common cold?

Answer 16

It is inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Question 17

What are the means of spreading of the common cold?

Answer 17

Droplet
Hand to mouth, nose, or eyes
Indoors, chilling, fatigue, stress, and compromised immunity

Question 18

What antibiotics are given for a virus?

Answer 18

None a virus is never treated with antibiotics

Question 19

What is a reaction of the nasal mucosa to allergen?

Answer 19

Allergic Rhinitis

Question 20

What is an acute contagious viral infection?

Answer 20

Influenza

Question 21

Occurs in 2 main strands (A & B), and requires 2-3 weeks of recovery.

Answer 21

The Flu

Question 22

How is the flu spread?

Answer 22

Direct or indirect droplets

Question 23

What is the number one prevention for not spreading germs?

Answer 23

Hand washing

Question 24

What is a serious secondary complication of the flu?

Answer 24

Bacteria pneumonia

Question 25

Who is contraindicated for the flu shot?

Answer 25

Patients who have allergies to chicken eggs and previous hx of Gillian barre

Question 26

What are the antivirals used to alleviated symptoms of the flu?

Answer 26

Rimantadine (flumadine) Amantadine (symmetrel) Zanamivir (relenza) Oseltamivir (tamiflu)

Question 27

Antivirals need to be given when?

Answer 27

Within 2 days of symptom onset

Question 28

What is an infection of the mucous membranes of one of the para nasal sinuses?

Answer 28

Sinusitis or sinus infection

Question 29

What is an infection in more than one sinus called?

Answer 29

Pan sinusitis

Question 30

What sinus is mainly affected?

Answer 30

Maxillary Sinus

Question 31

What sinus can cause brain and eat infections?

Answer 31

Frontal sinus

Question 32

What is the stimulating reflex of respiratory disease?

Answer 32

Bronchospasms

Question 33

What medication is good for dry hacking coughs?

Answer 33

Antitussives

Question 34

What medication is good for suppressing the cough reflex, has a direct depressant effect on the cough center of the medulla, and symptom relief of a non productive cough?

Answer 34

Narcotics such as codeine

Question 35

These medications facilitate removal of secretions of bronchopulmonary mucous membranes.

Answer 35

Expectorants (mucinex, robitussin, organidin, and Terpin Hydrate)

Question 36

What decreases phlegm adhesiveness and thickness?

Answer 36

Terpin Hydrate

Question 37

What medication relieves nasal congestion and cold symptoms, with direct vasoconstrictive action on arterioles in the nasal mucosa?

Answer 37

Nasal decongestants (dristan and neosynephrine)

Question 38

What medication binds with receptors on target cells, compete with allergy-produced histamines?

Answer 38

Antihistamines (tavist, Benadryl, dimetane, Chlor-trimeton)

Question 39

What are second generation agents for antihistamines?

Answer 39

Allegra, Claritin, and Zyrtec

Question 40

What do second generation agents NOT have?

Answer 40

Sedation effect

Question 41

What are benign mucous membrane masses? They appear blue and glossy in the nares.

Answer 41

Polyps

Question 42

What is an endoscopy exam for nasal polyps?

Answer 42

Polypectomy

Question 43

How do we manage nasal polyps?

Answer 43

They are removed.

Question 44

What is an inflammation of the pharyngeal walls including tonsils, palate, and uvula?

Answer 44

Acute Pharyngitis

Question 45

What is the main invader of the of acute pharyngitis?

Answer 45

Viral and fungal infections.

Question 46

What are the symptoms of acute pharyngitis?

Answer 46

Scratchy throat to severe pain, red edematous may have patchy yellow exudates

Question 47

How do we diagnosis acute pharyngitis?

Answer 47

Culture or rapid strep antigen test

Question 48

What is a partial or complete upper airway obstruction?

Answer 48

Sleep apnea

Question 49

Absence of respirations

Answer 49

Apnea

Question 50

Increased CO2

Answer 50

Hypercapnia

Question 51

Decreased O2

Answer 51

Hypoxemia

Question 52

How often to patients have apnea and arousal cycles?

Answer 52

200-400 times in a 6-8 hour sleep

Question 53

What are signs and symptoms of apnea?

Answer 53

Loud snoring, gasping, and jerking movements.

Question 54

What is a sleep study called?

Answer 54

Polysomnography

Question 55

What is a UPPP or UP3?

Answer 55

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Question 56

What is a GAHM?

Answer 56

Genoglossal advancement hyoid myotomy

Question 57

What is a laser assisted UP3 called?

Answer 57

LAUP

Question 58

Lower portion of the pharynx and above larynx

Answer 58

Laryngopharynx

Question 59

The critical dividing point where solid foods and liquids separate from air. Passage divides larynx and esophagus.

Answer 59

Laryngopharynx

Question 60

What are the 3 cartilages of the larynx called?

Answer 60

``` Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) Cricoids cartilage (vocal cords) Epiglottis (prevents food from entering the lungs) ```

Question 61

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 61

Closes over the glottis during swallowing

Question 62

The most dangerous problem of the larynx is what?

Answer 62

Obstruction

Question 63

What is inflammation of the mucous membranes in the lining of the larynx called?

Answer 63

Laryngitis

Question 64

What is the most common symptom of laryngitis?

Answer 64

Hoarseness

Question 65

What is a partial removal of one vocal cord?

Answer 65

Cordectomy

Question 66

Removal of vocals or parts and requires a temporary trach.

Answer 66

Hemilaryngectomy

Question 67

Removal of structures above cords (false vocals cords & epiglottis)

Answer 67

Supraglotticlaryngectomy

Question 68

Surgery where normal speech is no longer possible: removal of epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, 1-4 tracheal rings, resection of the hyoid bone, and hypopharynx muscles reconstructed.

Answer 68

Total Laryngectomy

Question 69

Dissection of muscles, veins, and nerves and may accompany a total Laryngectomy to decrease lymphatic spread.

Answer 69

Radical neck dissection

Question 70

What is the voice prothesis post Laryngectomy called?

Answer 70

Blom-Singer

Question 71

Windpipe that extends from larynx to carina. Flexible muscular 12 cm long, c-shaped cartilaginous rings lined with epithelium containing goblet mucus secreting cells and cilia. It divides r and l mainstem bronchus.

Answer 71

Trachea

Question 72

The slit where main stem bronchi, pulmonary vessels and nerve enters the lungs.

Answer 72

Hilus

Question 73

Cone-shaped, suspended in r and l plural cavities.

Answer 73

Lungs

Question 74

Why is aspiration more common in the Right Lung?

Answer 74

The right lung is shorter and broader.

Question 75

The right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 75

3

Question 76

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 76

2

Question 77

This divides several times to form lobar, segmental, sub-segmental bronchi.

Answer 77

Main-stem bronchi

Question 78

Most distant where no O2 and CO2 is exchanged. It is the last conducting airways. Anatomical dead space. VD 150ml

Answer 78

Terminal Bronchioles

Question 79

What is normal Tidal Volume?

Answer 79

500ml

Question 80

The first area of exchange and contain alveoli. It is surrounded by smooth muscles that constrict and dilate in response to various stimuli.

Answer 80

Respiratory Bronchioles

Question 81

What is called a decrease in diameter of airways?

Answer 81

Bronchoconstriction

Question 82

What is called an increase in diameter of airways?

Answer 82

Bronchodilation

Question 83

Continuous respiratory bronchioles, alveolus, aveolar sacs, capillary bed, and chief respiratory unit for gas exchange.

Answer 83

Acinus

Question 84

What are the small sacs that form the functional unit in the lungs?

Answer 84

Alveoli

Question 85

This allows air movement from the alveolus to alveolus.

Answer 85

Pores of Kohn

Question 86

There are 300 million alveoli that have a total volume of what?

Answer 86

2500ml

Question 87

Each alveoli are big?

Answer 87

1/5000 of an inch

Question 88

The alveolar surface secretes what?

Answer 88

Surfactant