Medication mechanisms

Question 1

MOA of Ketamine

Answer 1

Antagonizes NMDA receptors to produce analgesic and anesthetic effects

Question 2

MOA of Ketorolac

Answer 2

Inhibits cyclooxygenase to prevent the genesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane. This this prevents inflammation and fever

Question 3

MOA of Fentanyl

Answer 3

Binds to opioid receptors in the nervous system, inhibiting nociceptors and creating an analgesic effect

Question 4

MOA of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride

Answer 4

Binds to opioid receptors in the nervous system, inhibiting nociceptors and creating an analgesic effect

Question 5

MOA of Morphine

Answer 5

Binds to opioid receptors in the nervous system, inhibiting nociceptors and creating an analgesic effect

Question 6

MOA of Etomidate

Answer 6

Increases effects of Gaba-aminobutyric acid and lowers work of excitatory neurotransmitters to cause sedation, anesthesia, and hypnosis

Question 7

MOA of Midazolam

Answer 7

Increases effects of Gaba-aminobutyric acid, causing sedation, muscle relaxation, amnesia, and anesthesia

Question 8

MOA of Proparacaine HCL

Answer 8

Prevents ophthalmic nerve excitation by hindering sodium channels

Question 9

MOA of Lidocaine

Answer 9

Prevents/slows cell depolarization by keeping sodium channels open

Question 10

MOA of Diazepam

Answer 10

Binds to receptors in the brain and spinal cord to increase the effects of GABA (Gaba-aminobutyric acid) to cause anti-convulsant, amnesiac, sedative, and muscle relaxant effects.

Question 11

MOA of Droperidol

Answer 11

Subcortical CNS Depression

Question 12

MOA of Ziprasidone

Answer 12

Antagonized Type 2 dopamine, Serotonin, and adrenergic receptors

Question 13

MOA of Lorazepam

Answer 13

CNS depressant that affects GABA

Question 14

MOA of Epinephrine

Answer 14

Induces a sympathetic reaction in the body by binding to Alpha and Beta receptors. For example, In Alpha 1 it causes smooth muscle contraction and in Beta 2, bronchodilation.

Question 15

MOA of Nitroglycerin

Answer 15

Converts into nitric oxide in the body to induce smooth muscle relaxation

Question 16

MOA of Aspirin

Answer 16

Inhibits prostaglandin production resulting in reduced inflammation and decreases platelet aggregation

Question 17

MOA of Amiodarone

Answer 17

Blocks alpha and beta receptors and keeps potassium from repolarizing the heart, lengthening the action potential

Question 18

MOA of Adenosine

Answer 18

Causes potassium efflux and blocks Calcium channels, hyperpolarizing the heart and causing the AV node to slow conduction.

Question 19

MOA of Diltiazem

Answer 19

Blocks calcium channels to cause smooth muscle relaxation and AV node conduction. Lowers Blood pressure.

Question 20

MOA of Atropine

Answer 20

Blocks muscarinic receptors blocking acetylcholine and inhibiting the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 21

MOA of Calcium chloride

Answer 21

Raises Calcium Levels

Question 22

MOA of Calcium Gluconate

Answer 22

Raises Calcium Levels

Question 23

MOA of Metoprolol

Answer 23

Blocks Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 24

MOA of Norepinephrine

Answer 24

Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in blood vessels causing vasoconstriction

Question 25

MOA of Heparin

Answer 25

Potentiates antithrombin and prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Question 26

MOA of Oxytocin

Answer 26

Induces contractions of smooth muscle in the uterus and has vasopressin/antidiuretic effects

Question 27

MOA of Tranexamic Acid

Answer 27

prevents plasmogin from converting into plasmin by binding to fibrin, reducing bleeding.

Question 28

MOA of Dopamine

Answer 28

Adrenergic agonist for Alpha and Beta receptors, raising rate and the contractility of the heart

Question 29

MOA of Furosemide

Answer 29

Increases excretion of water and electrolytes while blocking cotransport of sodium and chloride. This causes the proximal tubule, distal tubule, and thick descending loop of Henle to be unable to reabsorb either.

Question 30

MOA of Magnesium Sulfate

Answer 30

Blocks Calcium Channels and serves as a bronchodilator . Smooth muscle relaxer

Question 31

MOA of Ipratropium

Answer 31

Blocks cholinergic receptors inducing smooth muscles relaxation in the bronchioles are raising HR

Question 32

MOA of Albuterol

Answer 32

Binds to Beta-2 receptors inducing relaxation of the bronchioles

Question 33

MOA of Methylprednisolone

Answer 33

Binds to glucocorticoid receptors, resulting in the blockage of inflammatory genes and cytokines and inhibits T-cell activity

Question 34

MOA of Diphenhydramine

Answer 34

Antagonizes H1 receptors to prevent histamine function.

Question 35

MOA of Succinylcholine

Answer 35

Binds with nicotinic receptors to induce muscle paralysis

Question 36

MOA of Rocuronium

Answer 36

Binds with nicotinic cholinergic receptors in place of acetylcholine to cause muscle paralysis

Question 37

MOA of Vecuronium

Answer 37

Binds with nicotinic cholinergic receptors in place of acetylcholine to cause muscle paralysis

Question 38

MOA of Glucagon

Answer 38

Induces glycogenolysis and relaxes smooth muscle

Question 39

MOA of Dextrose

Answer 39

Is a source of carbohydrates for the body

Question 40

MOA of Promethazine

Answer 40

Blocks histamine, inhibits chemoreception in the medulla, causes CNS depression, and is anticholinergic

Question 41

MOA of Odansetron

Answer 41

Blocks Serotonin receptor sites in vagal nerves and the CNS chemoreceptors to prevent nausea and vomiting.

Question 42

MOA of Prochlorperazine

Answer 42

Inhibits chemoreceptors in CNS and has anticholinergic effects. Alters dopamine levels in CNS.

Question 43

MOA of Pralidoxime Chloride

Answer 43

Reactivates cholinesterase to reverse poisonings

Question 44

MOA of Activated charcoal

Answer 44

Binds to and neutralizes drugs and toxins in the digestive tract, causing them to be passed through the system with little to no absorption

Question 45

MOA of Naloxone HCL

Answer 45

Prevents opiate binding to receptors sites by binding in its place.

Question 46

MOA of Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 46

Increases bicarbonate and blood PH to lower systemic acid levels.

Question 47

MOA of Hydroxocobalamin

Answer 47

Is necessary for metabolic processes, cell reproduction, and hematopoiesis

Question 48

MOA of Acetaminophen

Answer 48

Inhibits COX 1&2 leading to decreased prostaglandins

Question 49

MOA of Olanzapine

Answer 49

Antagonizes D2 receptors

Question 50

MOA of Oral Glucose

Answer 50

Carbohydrate