Medications Flashcards by Colleen Caribardi

What are NSAIDS used for?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Provides anelgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic abilities to decrease MSK pain

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Examples:

Ibuprofin (Motrin)
Naproxen Sodium (Aleve)
Salsalate (Discalced)
indomethacin (Indocin)

NSAIDs

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What are adverse side effects of NSAIDs?

GI irritation
fluid retention
renal or liver problems
prolonged bleeding

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COX-2 inhibitors belong in what drug class?

NSAIDs

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What are COX-2 inhibitors used for?

inflammation and pain

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Examples:

Rofecoxib (Vioxx)
Colecoxib (Celebrex)
Valdecoxib (Bextra)

COX-2 inhibitors

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Examples:

Cyclobenzaprine HCl (Flexeril)
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Carisoprodol (Soma)

Muscle Relaxants

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How do muscles relaxants work?

Reduces MSK tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord (CNS)

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What are adverse side effects of muscle relaxants?

drowsiness/decreased alertness
lethargy
ataxia

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What medications are prescribed for pain when NSAIDs are contraindicated?

Non-narcotic Analgesics

Act on CNS to alter response to pain and has antipyretic capabilities

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Example

Acetaminophen

non-narcotic analgesics

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What are adverse side effects of non-narcotic analgesics?

Liver disease or AKI

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What are narcotic analgesics prescribed for?

Moderate to severe pain

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How do narcotics decrease pain?

Prevents pain input by binding to the CNS opioid receptors

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What are the adverse side effects of narcotic analgesics?

sedation
confusion
vertigo
orthostatic hypotension
constipation
incoordination
physical dependence
narcotic tolerance

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Examples:

hydromorphone
oxycodone
codeine
fentanyl
hydrocodone

narcotic analgesics

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What is the opioid overdose triad?

pinpoint pupils
respiratory depression
unconsciousness

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What are corticosteroids prescribed for?

Hormonal and anti-inflammatory effects
prevents and/or decreases inflammatory responses from the immune system

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Examples:

prednisone
hydrocortisone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone
dexamethasone

Corticosteroids

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What are the short term and long term side effects of corticosteroids?

Short-term:
- weight gain
- puffy face
- nausea
- mood swings
- trouble sleeping

Long-term:
- osteoporosis

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What class of drugs are the following?
- phenytoin (dilantin)
- carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- phenobarbital

antiepileptic medications

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What class of drugs are the following? What do they do when treating MS?
- adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, methylprednisolone)

Immunosuppression drugs

treat acute flare-ups of MS and shorten the duration of the episode

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What is selegline used for?

used during early stages of PD to slow progression

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What kind of drugs are used to treat tremors?

anticholinergics

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What does amantadine enhance?

dopamine

(true/false) vestibular suppressant medications can delay recovery if taken for a prolonged period of time

true

What medications are used to treat Bell's palsy?

- corticosteroids - analgesics

What medication is commonly prescribed to treat neuropathic pain and paresthesias?

gabapentin

What medications are used to treat myasthenia gravis?

- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (pyridostigmine) - corticosteroids - immunosuppressants

The following medications are examples of what class? - azathioprine - IVIG

immunosuppressants

What kind of medications are used to treat ADHD for improving concentration?

stimulants

What medication is used for symptomatic management of urinary problems in those with MS?

anticholinergics

What medication class is used to slow progression of MS?

interferon drugs

The following are examples of what drug classification? - avonex - betaseron - copaxone

interferon drugs

What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?

1. inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II 2. decreases sodium retention 3. decreases peripheral vasoconstriction to decrease BP

What class of medications are the following: - captopril - enalopril - lisinopril

ACE inhibitors

What is the MOA of angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Blocks binding of angiotensin II to smooth muscles = decreases BP

What kind of medication is losartan?

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

What is the MOA of nitrates?

1. decreases prload through pripheral vasodilation 2. reduces myocardial oxygen demand 3. reduces chest discomfort 4. dilates coronary arteries to improve coronary blood flow

What are the following medications an example of: - atenolol - metoprolol - propranolol

Beta-1 adrenergic blocking agents

What do beta-1 adrenergic blocking agents do?

1. decreases myocardial demand by reducing HR and contractility 2. controls arrythmias 3. chest pain 4. reduces BP

What are the following medications: - diltiazem - cardizem - amlodipine

calcium channel blockers

What do calcium channel blockers do?

1. decrease HR 2. decrease contractility 3. dilate coronary arteries 4. reduce BP 5. control arrythmias 6. decreases chest pain

What is digitalis used for?

1. increases contractility 2. decreases HR

What is the main medication used for treatment of CHF?

digitalis

What is aspirin used for?

1. decreases platelet aggregation 2. can possibly prevent MI

What are diuretics used for?

1. decreases myocardial work (preload and afterload) 2. controls HTN

What is the MOA of muscarinic antagonists and sympathomimetics?

bronchodilator

What are the adverse effects for sympathomimetics and muscarinic antagonists?

tachycardia

What category of drugs do the following belong to? Atrovent (ipratropium bromide)

short-acting anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists)

What category of drugs do the following belong to? - ventolin HFA (albuterol) - Proventil HFA (albuterol) - Xopenex HFA (levalbuterol)

short-acting beta-2 agonists (sympathomimetics)

What are short-acting anticholinergics and short-acting beta-2 agonists used for?

Rescue/short acting medications used for immediate relief of tightness, wheezing, and SOB

What category of drugs do the following belong to? spirivia (tiotropium bromide)

long-acting anticholinergic | muscarinic antagonist

What category of drugs do the following belong to? - serevent (salmeterol) - Foradil (formoterol)

Long acting beta-2 agonists | Sympathomimetics

What is the MOA of cromones?

Prevents bronchoconstriction (anti-allergen)

What category of drugs do the following belong to? Cromolyn sodium

cromones

What is the MOA of leukotriene antagonists?

prevents bronchospasm and inflammatory response

What category of drugs do the following belong to? - zafirlukast - motelukast

leukotriene antagonist

What is the MOA of mucolytics?

reduces mucus viscosity

What category of drugs do the following belong to? - mucomyst (acetylcysteine) - pulmozyme (dornase alfa)

mucolytics

Medications Flashcards

(60 cards)