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Medications Flashcards

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0
Q

Management of bacterial meningitis in pregnancy

A

Cefotaxime 2g iv 4-hourly

Amoxicillin 2g iv 4-hourly

Aciclovir 10mg/kg iv tds if HSV encephalitis suspected

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1
Q

Treatment of bacterial meningitis in >18yo

A

Cefotaxime 2g iv 4-hourly

Aciclovir 10mg/kg iv tds if HSV encephalitis suspected

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2
Q

Treatment of abdominal sepsis

A

Cefuroxime 1.5g iv tds

Metronidazole 400mg po tds

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3
Q

Treatment of cholangitis / cholecystitis

A

Ciprofloxacin 750mg po bd
Or
(If severe) Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g iv tds
+ Gentamicin 5mg/kg iv stat

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4
Q

Triple therapy for H. Pylori eradication.

A

Omeprazole 20mg po bd
+ Amoxicillin 1g po bd
+ clarithromycin 500mg po bd

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5
Q

Management of bacterial peritonitis

A

Cefuroxime 1.5g iv tds

+ Metronidazole 500mg iv tds

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6
Q

Treatment of mild / moderate CAP

A

Amoxicillin 500mg PO TDS
Doxycycline 200mg PO BD for 48hrs
then 200mg PO OD

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7
Q

Treatment of severe CAP

A

Benzylpenicillin 1.2-2.4g iv qds

+ Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

OR
Clarithromycin 500mg iv bd

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8
Q

Treatment of infective exacerbation of COPD

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

5-7d

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9
Q

Treatment of aspiration pneumonia

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

+ Metronidazole 400mg po tds
7d

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10
Q

Treatment of mild / moderate HAP

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg od

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11
Q

Treatment of mild cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin 500mg -1g po qds

or if MRSA-positive
Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs, then 200mg po od

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12
Q

Treatment of infected diabetic ulceration

A

Doxycycline 200mg po bd for 48hrs then 200mg po od

Ciprofloxacin 750mg po bd

Metronidazole 400mg po tds

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13
Q

Treatment of animal / human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav 1.2g iv tds

7-10d

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14
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis of open fracture

A

Co-amoxiclav 1.2g iv tds

3d

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15
Q

Treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g iv qds
+ Clindamycin 1.2g iv qds
+ Metronidazole 500mg iv tds
+ Gentamicin 5mg/kg iv stat (renal function permitting)

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16
Q

Treatment of septic arthritis

A

Benzylpenicillin 1.2g iv qds
+ Flucloxacillin 2g iv qds
+ Sodium fusidate 500mg po tds

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17
Q

TReatment of UTI

A

Trimethoprim 200mg po bd 3 days,

or Nitrofurantoin1 50-100mg po qds 7 days

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18
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis

A

Ciprofloxacin 750mg po bd (400mg iv bd if nil-by-mouth or not absorbing) for 7 days

[+ Gentamicin 5mg/kg iv protocol for up to 48hours if severe sepsis]

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19
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A

Confusion, nausea, arrhythmia, visual disturbance.

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20
Q

Add on therapy for loop diuretic resistant Oedema in HF

A

Thiazide

E.g metolazone

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21
Q

What drugs improve mortality in heart failure?

A

Spironolactone
Beta-blockers (bisoprolol, carvedilol)
ACE Inhibitors / ARB
(Isosorbide dinitrate with hydralazide for Afro-carribeans)

Digoxin DOES NOT
Dobutamine is for SHORT term use only in acute decompensation.

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22
Q

Management of acute severe pulmonary oedema

A

15L O2 NRB
IV morphine 5mg - slowly
IV furosemide 20-40mg - slowly
Sublingual GTN 2 sprays

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23
Q

What does amiodarone do?

A

Prolongs the Q-T interval
Increase the refractory period.

Used to treat VT.

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24
Long term consequences amiodarone?
``` Brachycardia Pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis Corneal micro-deposits Photosensitive rash Thyroid dysfunction ```
25
Side effects of beta-blockers
``` Lightheadedness, syncope, dizziness Bradycardia Cool hands and feet Tiredness Impotence Vivid dreams ```
26
Side effects of ACE inhibitors
Persistent Dry cough Dizziness Angio-oedema Decreased kidney function
27
Side effects of the digoxin
``` Dizziness Blurred or yellow vision Nausea Diarrhoea Skin rash Gynaecomastia ```
28
Side effects of spironolactone
Gynaecomastia Fatigue Dizziness
29
Side effects of verapamil
Constipation Nausea Headache
30
Side-effects of nifedipine
``` Palpitations, dizziness, feeling faint Flushing Nausea, indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea Headache, ankle oedema ```
31
Side effects of thiazide diuretics
Gout
32
What is minoxidil
Vasodilator | + scalp solution for hair loss
33
Side effects of hydralazide
Drug induced SLE
34
Signs of aminophylline toxicity
Nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia.
35
First line treatment of mild CAP
Amoxicillin 500mg PO TDS
36
Antibiotics to treat cellulitis
Benzylpenicillin | Flucloxicillin
37
First line antibiotic for meningitis in hospital
Cefotaxime
38
Important side effect of carbimazole
Agranulocytosis --> dramatic fall in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils. Predisposes patient to overwhelming sepsis.
39
Usual trimethoprim dose
200mg BD | 3-5d for UTI
40
Usual dose of metoclopramide
10mg TDS
41
Uses of metoclopramide
Antiemetic | Prokinetic
42
Common dose of prednisolone
40mg OD
43
Common dose of hydrocortisone
100mg IV BD
44
Anaphylaxis dose of adrenaline
1mg of 1 in 1000 IM = 1ml
45
Cardiac arrest dose of adrenaline
1mg of 1 in 10,000 IV = 10 ml
46
What is Reye's syndrome + it's cause
Fatty infiltration of the liver Severe encephalopathy Coma 40% fatality Caused by giving aspirin to children
47
Why are patients warned not to drink alcohol with metronidazole
Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase | Causes facial flushing, tachycardia, vomiting,
48
What are amphetamines used to treat
Narcolepsy
49
What is donepezil used for
Alzheimer's disease Anticholinesterase inhibitors - others = rivastigmine, galantamine
50
Treatment of TB meningitis
6 months - rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol | Further 6 months - rifampicin, isoniadpzid (total 12 months)
51
What is chlordiazepoxide used for
Alcohol withdrawal
52
What drug acts by inhibiting the gama-carboxylation of vitamin k dependent clotting factors
Warfarin | Factors II, VII, IX, X
53
What is hyoscine used for | And how does it work
Used for irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal cramping and motion sickness. Can reduce gastric and respiratory secretions. It is an antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) It has many side effects
54
How does omeprazole work
It is a proton pump inhibitor. | Inhibits parietal h+/k+ ATPase proton pumps
55
How do NSAIDs work
``` Cox inhibitors (cyclo-oxygenase) Which is responsible for synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. ```
56
Why do NSAIDs increase the risk of gastritis / Peptic ulcer disease
Cox inhibition decreases prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins help regulate gastric acid production. So a reduction leads to gastric mucosa damage by gastric acid.
57
What patients should not be prescribed NSAIDs
Asthmatics Pts prone to gastritis or peptic ulcer disease Pts with renal impairment
58
Management of erysipelas
2 days IV - flucloxacillin 500 mg QDS 2 weeks oral - flucloxacillin 500mg QDS Erythromycin 500 mg QDS if penicillin allergic
59
How does adrenaline help in a cardiac arrest
Peripheral and splanchnic vasoconstriction diverts blood away from GI tract and skin to the heart and brain. Increases coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures
60
How does amiodarone work
Membrane stabilising drug Increases the refractory period of the cardiac cycle Used in VF and VT
61
How does atropine work
Antimuscarinic drug Blocks the vagus nerve Increases the rate of the SA node and AV node
62
SE of sulfasalazine
Oligospermia Bone marrow suppression Hepatitis
63
SE of gold treatment
Bone marrow suppression | Nephrotic syndrome
64
SE of penicillamine
Taste alteration Nephrotic syndrome Myasthenia
65
SE of chloroquine
Retinopathy | Tinnitus
66
SE of steroids
``` Weight gain Thin skin Easy bruising Muscle weakness Stretch marks Osteoporosis Diabetes onset / worsening of existing DM Hypertension Glaucoma Cataracts Slow wound healing Increased risk of infection ```
67
What nutritional supplements may aid wound healing
``` **vitamin C** vitamin A Zinc Arginine Glutamine Glucosamine ```

General Medicine (25 decks)

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