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Neuroanatomy > Medulla > Flashcards

Medulla Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract decussate?

A

ventral medulla

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2
Q

Where are the pyramids found in the brainstem?

A

ventral medulla

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3
Q

What three structures are in the ventral medulla?

A
  1. Pyramids
  2. Inferior olives
  3. Motor decussation
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4
Q

What is found in the pyramids of the ventral medulla?

A

Corticospinal tracts

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5
Q

What is found in the inferior olives of the ventral medulla?

A

inferior olivary complex

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6
Q

What is found in the tuberculum cinereum of the ventral medulla?

A

Spinal nucleus and trigeminal tract

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7
Q

What four structures are found in the dorsal medulla?

A
  1. 4th ventricle
  2. Fasciculus gracilis
  3. Fasciculus cuneatus
  4. Inferior cerebella peduncle
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8
Q

What is found in the Gracile and Cuneate tubercles of the dorsal medulla?

A

Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus

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9
Q

The 4th ventricle portion of the dorsal medulla is called _____ medulla

A

open (rostral)

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10
Q

The central canal portion of the dorsal medulla is called _____ medulla

A

closed (caudal)

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11
Q

What three structures are in the open medulla?

A
  1. Hypoglossal trigone
  2. Vagal trigone
  3. Lateral recess (vestibular and hearing)
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12
Q

Know the locations of the structures of the dorsal medulla (open and closed)

A

MEMORIZE DAT SHIT

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13
Q

What structures are found in the hypoglossal trigone?

A

hypoglossal nucleus

nucleus prepositus hypoglossi

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14
Q

Where is the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X?

A

Vagal trigone (vagus nerve… CN X)

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15
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle become the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

Obex

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16
Q

In what structure is there a hole in the blood brain barrier so the brain can detect toxins in the blood and trigger vomiting?

A

Area Postrema

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17
Q

where is the medulla developed from the 3-vesicle brain?

from the 5-vesicle brain?

A

3: rhombencephalon
5: myelencephalon

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18
Q

what are the boundaries of the medulla?

A

rostral: post pontine protuberance to 4th ventricle
caudal: foramen magnum (1mm to motor decuss)

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19
Q

What is the function of the Hypoglossal nucleus?

A

Move the tongue

CN XII

20
Q

What is the function of the dorsal motor nucleus of X?

A

Viscera of thorax and adomen

CN X

21
Q

What is the function of the Inferior salivatory nucleus?

A

Innervate parotid gland

CN IX

22
Q

What is the function of the Motor Nucleus of IX, X and XI?

A

IX. Stylopharyngeus muscle
X. Pharynx and larynx (speech / swallowing)
XI. Laryngeal muscles

23
Q

What is the function of the rostral Nucelus Solitarius of VII, IX, and X?

A

VII. Taste - ant. 2/3
IX. Taste - post. 1/3
X. Taste - root of tongue
(Solitarius - eating a donut alone)

24
Q

What is the function of the caudal Nucleus Solitarius of X, and IX?

A

X. Abdominal/thoracic viscera; larynx/pharynx, aortic body/sinus
IX. Carotid sinus/body, pharynx, auditory tube

25
Q

Motor nuclei in the medula is _____ while sensory nuclei is _____

A

Motor - medial

Sensory - lateral

26
Q

What is the function of the vestibular nucleus of VIII?

A

Inner ear (vestibular division)

27
Q

What is the function of the cochlear nucleus of VII?

A

Inner ear (auditory division)

28
Q

What is the function of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of V?

A

Skin face, forehead, anterior scalp, sinus cavities. ant 2/3 of tongue

29
Q

What is the function of the spinal trigeminal of VII, IX, and X?

A

VII - skin behind ear
IX - post 1/3 of tonue
X - root of tongue

30
Q

What are the cranial nerves associated with the medulla?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

31
Q

CN XI lesions cause _____ LMN signs

A

unilateral LMN signs

can’t speak/chew/swallow

32
Q

What does CN XI do?

A

Shrug shoulders, nod/shake head

33
Q

What four nuclei does CN X transmit information to or from?

A
  1. Dorsal motor nucleus of X
  2. Nucleus ambiguus
  3. Nucleus solitarius
  4. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
    * know these functions!*
34
Q

What is the afferent and efferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

afferent: CN 9
efferent: CN 10
* this is on test!*

35
Q

Cranial nerves arise _____ in the brainstem and emerge ______

A 
arise dorsal (nuclei)
emerge ventral (rootlets)
36
Q

A lesion in the medulla leading to many sensory problems is typically due to a stroke of the _____ or _____

A

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) or

vertebral artery

37
Q

lateral brainstem syndromes are due to srokes of the _______ blood supply branches

A

circumferential

38
Q

medial brainstem syndromes are due to stroke of the _________ blood supply branches

A

parameridian

39
Q

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) can play a significant role in _______ syndrome

A

Wallenberg

40
Q

Damage to the nucleus ambiguus would lead to ______

A

difficulty swallowing

41
Q

Damage to the descending autonomics would lead to ______

A

Horner’s Syndrome

42
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome affects what three structures?

A
  1. medial lemniscus (contra)
  2. CN XII (ipsi)
  3. Corticospinals (contra)
43
Q

When you see facial analgesia on one saide and opposite body pain and temp loss, you are where? and what side?

A

Medulla

side of Horner’s Syndrome

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Wallenberg’s Syndrome?

A
  1. Spinal nucleus and tract of V (loss of ipsi pain/temp)
  2. Spinothalamic tract (loss of contra pain/temp)
  3. Ipsi ataxia
  4. Ipsi nucleus ambiguus failure
  5. Ipsi Horner’s Syndrome (descending sympathetic)
  6. Lost corneal reflex
45
Q

what is the function of the tract of V

A

the head’s version of Lissauer’s tract/substatia gelatinosa-conveys pain and temp sensations from the IPSIlateral face

46
Q

what do raphe nuclei do

where are they located

A

secrete and synthesize serotonin (5HT)

along the midline

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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