Medulla

Question 1

Where does the corticospinal tract decussate?

Answer 1

ventral medulla

Question 2

Where are the pyramids found in the brainstem?

Answer 2

ventral medulla

Question 3

What three structures are in the ventral medulla?

Answer 3

1. Pyramids
2. Inferior olives
3. Motor decussation

Question 4

What is found in the pyramids of the ventral medulla?

Answer 4

Corticospinal tracts

Question 5

What is found in the inferior olives of the ventral medulla?

Answer 5

inferior olivary complex

Question 6

What is found in the tuberculum cinereum of the ventral medulla?

Answer 6

Spinal nucleus and trigeminal tract

Question 7

What four structures are found in the dorsal medulla?

Answer 7

1. 4th ventricle
2. Fasciculus gracilis
3. Fasciculus cuneatus
4. Inferior cerebella peduncle

Question 8

What is found in the Gracile and Cuneate tubercles of the dorsal medulla?

Answer 8

Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus

Question 9

The 4th ventricle portion of the dorsal medulla is called _____ medulla

Answer 9

open (rostral)

Question 10

The central canal portion of the dorsal medulla is called _____ medulla

Answer 10

closed (caudal)

Question 11

What three structures are in the open medulla?

Answer 11

1. Hypoglossal trigone
2. Vagal trigone
3. Lateral recess (vestibular and hearing)

Question 12

Know the locations of the structures of the dorsal medulla (open and closed)

Answer 12

MEMORIZE DAT SHIT

Question 13

What structures are found in the hypoglossal trigone?

Answer 13

hypoglossal nucleus

nucleus prepositus hypoglossi

Question 14

Where is the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X?

Answer 14

Vagal trigone (vagus nerve… CN X)

Question 15

Where does the 4th ventricle become the central canal of the spinal cord?

Answer 15

Obex

Question 16

In what structure is there a hole in the blood brain barrier so the brain can detect toxins in the blood and trigger vomiting?

Answer 16

Area Postrema

Question 17

where is the medulla developed from the 3-vesicle brain?

from the 5-vesicle brain?

Answer 17

3: rhombencephalon
5: myelencephalon

Question 18

what are the boundaries of the medulla?

Answer 18

rostral: post pontine protuberance to 4th ventricle
caudal: foramen magnum (1mm to motor decuss)

Question 19

What is the function of the Hypoglossal nucleus?

Answer 19

Move the tongue

CN XII

Question 20

What is the function of the dorsal motor nucleus of X?

Answer 20

Viscera of thorax and adomen

CN X

Question 21

What is the function of the Inferior salivatory nucleus?

Answer 21

Innervate parotid gland

CN IX

Question 22

What is the function of the Motor Nucleus of IX, X and XI?

Answer 22

IX. Stylopharyngeus muscle
X. Pharynx and larynx (speech / swallowing)
XI. Laryngeal muscles

Question 23

What is the function of the rostral Nucelus Solitarius of VII, IX, and X?

Answer 23

VII. Taste - ant. 2/3
IX. Taste - post. 1/3
X. Taste - root of tongue
(Solitarius - eating a donut alone)

Question 24

What is the function of the caudal Nucleus Solitarius of X, and IX?

Answer 24

X. Abdominal/thoracic viscera; larynx/pharynx, aortic body/sinus
IX. Carotid sinus/body, pharynx, auditory tube

Question 25

Motor nuclei in the medula is _____ while sensory nuclei is _____

Answer 25

Motor - medial | Sensory - lateral

Question 26

What is the function of the vestibular nucleus of VIII?

Answer 26

Inner ear (vestibular division)

Question 27

What is the function of the cochlear nucleus of VII?

Answer 27

Inner ear (auditory division)

Question 28

What is the function of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of V?

Answer 28

Skin face, forehead, anterior scalp, sinus cavities. ant 2/3 of tongue

Question 29

What is the function of the spinal trigeminal of VII, IX, and X?

Answer 29

VII - skin behind ear IX - post 1/3 of tonue X - root of tongue

Question 30

What are the cranial nerves associated with the medulla?

Answer 30

IX, X, XI, XII

Question 31

CN XI lesions cause _____ LMN signs

Answer 31

unilateral LMN signs | *can't speak/chew/swallow*

Question 32

What does CN XI do?

Answer 32

Shrug shoulders, nod/shake head

Question 33

What four nuclei does CN X transmit information to or from?

Answer 33

1. Dorsal motor nucleus of X 2. Nucleus ambiguus 3. Nucleus solitarius 4. Spinal trigeminal nucleus * know these functions!*

Question 34

What is the afferent and efferent limb of the gag reflex?

Answer 34

afferent: CN 9 efferent: CN 10 * this is on test!*

Question 35

Cranial nerves arise _____ in the brainstem and emerge ______

Answer 35

``` arise dorsal (nuclei) emerge ventral (rootlets) ```

Question 36

A lesion in the medulla leading to many sensory problems is typically due to a stroke of the _____ or _____

Answer 36

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) or | vertebral artery

Question 37

lateral brainstem syndromes are due to srokes of the _______ blood supply branches

Answer 37

circumferential

Question 38

medial brainstem syndromes are due to stroke of the _________ blood supply branches

Answer 38

parameridian

Question 39

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) can play a significant role in _______ syndrome

Answer 39

Wallenberg

Question 40

Damage to the nucleus ambiguus would lead to ______

Answer 40

difficulty swallowing

Question 41

Damage to the descending autonomics would lead to ______

Answer 41

Horner's Syndrome

Question 42

Medial Medullary Syndrome affects what three structures?

Answer 42

1. medial lemniscus (contra) 2. CN XII (ipsi) 3. Corticospinals (contra)

Question 43

When you see facial analgesia on one saide and opposite body pain and temp loss, you are where? and what side?

Answer 43

Medulla | side of Horner's Syndrome

Question 44

What are the symptoms of Wallenberg's Syndrome?

Answer 44

1. Spinal nucleus and tract of V (loss of ipsi pain/temp) 2. Spinothalamic tract (loss of contra pain/temp) 3. Ipsi ataxia 4. Ipsi nucleus ambiguus failure 5. Ipsi Horner's Syndrome (descending sympathetic) 6. Lost corneal reflex

Question 45

what is the function of the tract of V

Answer 45

the head's version of Lissauer's tract/substatia gelatinosa-conveys pain and temp sensations from the IPSIlateral face

Question 46

what do raphe nuclei do | where are they located

Answer 46

secrete and synthesize serotonin (5HT) | along the midline